Tyre/road noise damping characteristics using nomographs and fundamental vibroacoustical relationships

Several studies have successfully developed laboratory and field measurement techniques to estimate tyre/road noise damping characteristics. However, laboratory–field noise correlations of pavement types in the form of nomographs is essential to cognize the pavements’ acoustical properties from a practical perspective. A toolkit that readily provides field tyre/road noise intensity of different pavement materials is needed. Thus, the main objective of this study was to develop nomographs with relationships for tyre/road noise versus pavement materials’ viscoelastic–vibroacoustical properties. Isothermal and isochronal nomographs of phase angle–tyre/road noise as toolkits were developed based upon well-established phase angle and noise intensities typical of mixtures, making the nomograph correlations very authentic, realistic, and novel along with benefit to predict tyre/road noise at any desired temperature and traffic speed (or frequency) combination. This study is envisaged to benefit in the discernment of road materials’ damping capabilities from vibroacoustical and field noise–viscoelastic relation aspects.     

船舶推进同步电机PTI/PTO模式研究

PTI/PTO推进是最近发展起来的一种新型船舶推进方式,兼具传统柴油机推进和电力推进优点,可实现多种船舶工作模式,具有操控性好、安全、经济等特点,将是未来船舶推进方式发展方向之一.本文介绍了PTI/PTO推进模式理论和工作模式,便于理解该推进方式,希望有助于船舶推进技术的发展.     

STAAD/CHINA在搭架设计及强度校核中的应用

搭架作业是船舶修造日常工作中比较普通、常见的工程,合理、快速地设计和校验脚手架的强度,直接影响生产施工的安全性、经济性和效率。文章介绍了如何使用有限元软件STAAD/CHINA对搭架方案进行建模计算及校验,计算结果接近实际,提高了强度校验的效率。     

重载货车摩擦缓冲器阻抗特性的数值模拟

为预测摩擦缓冲器的实际工作状态,从几何特征和作用原理的角度,建立详细的MT-2型缓冲器理论模型。首先,通过对缓冲器内部各摩擦元件的运动学和静力学分析,推导出缓冲器在准静态下的阻抗特性;其次,引入附加摩擦系数量化各摩擦元件之间动静态摩擦过渡时的黏滞补偿,并模拟出缓冲器在动态下的阻抗特性;最后,利用C80型货车冲击试验数据对该缓冲器的理论模型进行验证。验证结果表明:总体上,数值模拟和现场试验下的缓冲器示功曲线基本吻合,说明模型的正确性;局部上数值模拟中缓冲器从加载Ⅰ阶段过渡至加载Ⅱ阶段的突变现象在冲击试验中表现的并不明显,还有待进一步完善。     

流线型钢箱梁涡激振动机理与气动控制措施

以某主跨390 m的独塔流线型钢箱梁斜拉桥为工程依托，采用风洞试验与计算流体动力学（Computational Fluid Dynamics，CFD）相结合的方法对流线型钢箱梁涡激振动机理与气动控制措施进行研究。首先，采用几何缩尺比为1∶30的主梁节段模型进行主梁涡振性能与气动控制措施优化研究；其次，采用CFD方法对主梁涡振响应进行流固耦合计算，将Newmark-β算法嵌入ANSYS Fluent用户自定义函数（User Defined Functions，UDFs）实现主梁结构振动响应求解，同时结合动网格技术实现主梁断面流固耦合分析；并根据判断条件来检索箱梁壁面上的网格单元，以获得主梁断面振动过程中的表面压力，然后结合主梁结构振动响应、表面压力以及流场特征等对主梁涡激振动机理进行分析。结果表明：该桥主梁原设计方案存在涡激共振现象，将梁底检修车轨道内移120 cm可有效抑制主梁涡振响应；主梁涡激振动响应的数值模拟结果与风洞试验结果吻合较好；检修车轨道内移120 cm后主要改变了箱梁下表面平均压力系数分布特性，且箱梁表面各测点脉动压力卓越频率不一致，有效减小了主梁涡激振动响应；流线型箱梁靠近迎风侧的“被动区域”对结构涡振响应贡献较小，背风侧“驱动区域”发生周期性旋涡脱落是影响流线型箱梁涡振的主要因素。     

高职院校公共《计算机基础》课程实践教学研究

对高职院校公共《计算机基础》实践教学效果及其存在的问题进行剖析,针对这些问题所采取的应对措施进行了探索和研究。提出加强实践教学改革的方案和具体方法,使高职院校的计算机基础教育能更好地与市场接轨。     

Dynamic demand estimation and prediction for traffic urban networks adopting new data sources

Nowadays, new mobility information can be derived from advanced traffic surveillance systems that collect updated traffic measurements, both in fixed locations and over specific corridors or paths. Such recent technological developments point to challenging and promising opportunities that academics and practitioners have only partially explored so far.The paper looks at some of these opportunities within the Dynamic Demand Estimation problem (DDEP). At first, data heterogeneity, accounting for different sets of data providing a wide spatial coverage, has been investigated for the benefit of off-line demand estimation. In an attempt to mimic the current urban networks monitoring, examples of complex real case applications are being reported where route travel times and route choice probabilities from probe vehicles are exploited together with common link traffic measurements.Subsequently, on-line detection of non-recurrent conditions is being recorded, adopting a sequential approach based on an extension of the Kalman Filter theory called Local Ensemble Transformed Kalman Filter (LETKF).Both the off-line and the on-line investigations adopt a simulation approach capable of capturing the highly nonlinear dependence between the travel demand and the traffic measurements through the use of dynamic traffic assignment models. Consequently, the possibility of using collected traffic information is enhanced, thus overcoming most of the limitations of current DDEP approaches found in the literature.     

钩形外锁闭装置锁闭框组优化的探讨

钩形外锁闭装置在实践中逐步暴露出一些诸如转换不畅、卡阻,磨耗严重,适应尖轨窜动性不良等问题.为此研究探讨对既有的外锁闭装置锁闭框组（包括锁闭框、锁闭铁、耐磨板等）进行优化,提高道岔转换的可靠性.     

船舶海水管系的腐蚀问题及防止措施

船舶海水管系的腐蚀问题是影响使用和维修费用的重要因素。文章针对目前海水管系腐蚀情况,主要分析了船舶管系腐蚀特点和机理,并推断了的影响腐蚀的主要因素,同时提出了几种防腐措施,可供参考。     

客运专线轨道板悬臂门吊起升机构设计

针对京津城际轨道交通工程博格轨道板铺设过程中要求精确对位和平整度微调的要求,介绍了悬臂门吊起升机构总体结构型式的确定、起升机构采用的“四点起吊三点平衡”技术及起重小车和吊具结构形式的确定。实践证明,博格板门吊起升机构技术性能指标达到设计要求,大大提高了施工工效。