国内外规范在港口岩土工程勘察中的异同研究

在港口岩土工程勘察工作中,经过长期的实践,我国在工程规范方面积累了丰富的经验.由于不同国家的岩土工程规范存在差异,随着海外项目的增多,需要对国外规范进一步了解掌握.介绍美标、英标与我国现行规范在岩土勘察报告、室内土工试验、现场标贯试验等方面的异同点,便于地质指标的对比分析,为港口工程设计提供可靠的参数.     

Travel to work and household responsibility: new evidence

A persistent empirical finding in the research on travel patterns is that women tend to engage in shorter work commutes than men. Research evaluating the degree to which this gender differential in commuting may be explained by the division of labor in the household has produced decidedly mixed findings. This paper presents a critical review of the methods and results of recent research on the gender differential in commuting along with the associated implications for the household responsibility hypothesis (HRH). While all of the articles reviewed are informative and unique, not all conclusions are well supported. The paper then tests the HRH using the 1990 NPTS travel data. The new evidence confirms that women continue to exhibit shorter commute times and distances than men and provides support for the HRH. The paper concludes with a summary of findings and recommendations for further research.     

基于驾驶模拟器的性别对信控铁路道口抵近行为的影响研究

为了分析不同性别驾驶人抵近信号灯控制铁路道口的驾驶行为特性,设计了5个具有不同红灯触发时距的信号灯控制铁路道口的虚拟场景,并进行了驾驶模拟试验,采集24名男性驾驶人和20名女性驾驶人抵近道口的微观驾驶行为数据。基于时空特性将抵近行为划分为月白灯期间、红灯进入时刻、红灯期间3个阶段,利用混合线性模型和二元Logistics线性回归模型对比分析了2组驾驶人抵近道口的制动行为、加速行为和闯红灯行为特性,并探索性别与信号灯控制铁路道口抵近行为的相关关系。结果表明：男性驾驶人更倾向于在月白灯期间提前制动,其提前制动率是女性驾驶人的1.57倍;男性驾驶人在红灯进入时刻和红灯期间的车辆操控行为特性与女性驾驶人无显著性差异;男性驾驶人的总体违法率是女性驾驶人的1.5倍,尤其在红灯触发时距较大（4~6 s）时,女性驾驶人几乎无人违法,而男性驾驶人在3个场景下的违法率仍然达到25.0%、12.5%和16.7%;男性驾驶人闯红灯的严重性更高,驾驶风格更加冒险激进;另外,驾驶人闯红灯行为还受红灯进入时刻位置、制动时刻位置和加速时刻位置显著影响,说明驾驶人在走停决策的制定上更依赖于物理空间位置,与车辆运行速度和驾驶人反应能力无关。研究结果可应用于铁路道口安全管理与防护对策设计。     

Cycling provision separated from motor traffic: a systematic review exploring whether stated preferences vary by gender and age

In this paper, we represent a systematic review of stated preference studies examining the extent to which cycle infrastructure preferences vary by gender and by age. A search of online, English-language academic and policy literature was followed by a three-stage screening process to identify relevant studies. We found 54 studies that investigated whether preferences for cycle infrastructure varied by gender and/or by age. Forty-four of these studies considered the extent of separation from motor traffic. The remainder of the studies covered diverse topics, including preferred winter maintenance methods and attitudes to cycle track lighting. We found that women reported stronger preferences than men for greater separation from motor traffic. There was weaker evidence of stronger preferences among older people. Differences in preferences were quantitative rather than qualitative; that is, preferences for separated infrastructure were stronger in some groups than in others, but no group preferred integration with motor traffic. Thus, in low-cycling countries seeking to increase cycling, this evidence suggests focusing on the stronger preferences of under-represented groups as a necessary element of universal design for cycling.     

英标BS8110与JTJ267—1998《港口工程混凝土结构设计规范》的异同点

着重介绍英标BS8110与我国现行规范JTJ267-1998<港口工程混凝土结构设计规范>在设计理念、材料特性取值、荷载系数、荷载组合、耐久性设计要求等方面的异同点.     

Journey to work and job search characteristics of the urban poor

Gender differences in work trip and job search patterns have received several analytical attention in recent years. A consistent finding in the literature is that women work closer to home than men because of their lower income, greater household responsibilities, and heavier reliance on public transit. While these findings pervade the literature, there has been little analysis into the extent to which they hold in the exclusive case of the urban poor. Can poor women afford to choose between jobs on the basis of journey to work considerations, any more than poor men? Using a survey data from Edmonton, this study examines the gender differences in commuting and job search patterns of the urban poor. The findings suggest that, even among the low income population, women have shorter work trips and greater preference for part-time jobs than men because of their child care and household responsibilities. More women than men did not have enough time for their job search activities; and fewer women than men were prepared to accept job offers in all parts of the study area due to their household responsibilities. The results suggest that while males' employment problems are tied primarily to the working of the labour market, through inadequate skills and lack of good-paying jobs, females' employment problems are more explicable in terms of their role as mothers and homemakers.     

国际总承包工程特点及分析

安哥拉洛比托港项目,是在海外以EPC模式承揽的项目。作为在EPC模式下内部监理,较之通常监理,权利和地位不同,信誉、诚信是构筑一切工作的基础。工作中注重程序和规则,进度控制“合情合理”,HSE监控让人耳目一新又难以适应,项目过程的相关活动少,工作和生活泾渭分明。     

水运工程监理走向国际市场之途径

随着世界经济高度一体化格局的形成,我国对外贸易和技术经济合作的全方位发展以及中国企业走向世界的步伐越来越快,走国际化道路已经成为中国水运工程监理行业发展的必然趋势。本文通过对比中国水运工程监理行业与国际咨询业之间的差异,提出了中国水运工程监理走向国际市场的具体途径。     

Exploring gendered cycling behaviours within a large-scale behavioural data-set

Analysing over 10 million journeys made by members of London's Cycle Hire Scheme, we find that female customers' usage characteristics are demonstrably different from those of male customers. Usage at weekends and within London's parks characterises women's journeys, whereas for men, a commuting function is more clearly identified. Some of these variations are explained by geo-demographic differences and by an atypical period of usage during the first three months after the scheme's launch. Controlling for each of these variables brings some convergence between men and women. However, many differences are preserved. Studying the spatio-temporal context under which journeys are made, we find that women's journeys are highly spatially structured. Even when making utilitarian cycle trips, routes that involve large, multi-lane roads are comparatively rare, and instead female cyclists preferentially select areas of the city associated with slower traffic streets and with cycle routes slightly offset from major roads.     

中西方船员文化差异与跨文化适应能力培养

当前国际船员人力资源东移,中国国际船员劳务市场潜力巨大．由于中西方文化差异,特别是中西方船员日常习惯差异和船舶环境的影响,中国船员不适应跨文化工作．要发展中国国际船员劳务,必须培养中国船员的跨文化适应能力．