Gender Issues within the Population-Environment Nexus in Philippine Coastal Areas

Sixty percent of the Philippine's population resides in the coastal zone. Women and men in coastal communities depend chiefly on the sea for subsistence. Over fifty percent of the dietary protein requirements of coastal communities are derived from municipal fisheries and shallow coastal habitats (reef fishes, marine plants, and mangroves). Coastal populations are young and expanding at rates that exceed regional and national averages. Expanding human pressures and man-made disturbances (over harvesting, destructive fishing, siltation, etc.) that offset natural processes are destroying habitats and creating protein food security crises and increasing malnutrition. At the same time conflicts among users of coastal resources are escalating. Access constraints, gender inequities, and cultural barriers stymie options for women and men to plan their families and create alternative livelihoods. National and local government agencies are addressing food security concerns through vertical policies and programs (e.g., fisheries management, integrated coastal management). The IPOPCORM project uses a cross-sectoral approach and quasi-experimental evaluation design to test the hypothesis that food security will be achieved more quickly when coastal resources management (CRM) and reproductive health (RH) management are implemented together. The purpose of this article is to review the project's experience and highlight the trends observed in program monitoring and evaluation during 2001–2004, which suggest better impact on RH, CRM, and gender indicators in the sites where the synergistic approach is being applied.     

Assessing the Impacts of Gender Integration in Ghana’s Fisheries Sector

Abstract

This article presents the results of an impact assessment of a component of a large scale USAID sustainable fisheries management project initiative aimed at integrating gender and strengthening the role of women in fisheries management in Ghana. The assessment is based on a literature review and qualitative field data collection. It assessed gender integration from three entry points: improving the Ghanaian policy environment for gender in fisheries, empowering women post-harvest processors, and engaging women gleaners in fisheries co-management. The assessment found that an important milestone was the adoption and implementation of the Ghanaian Fisheries Sector’s National Gender Mainstreaming Strategy in 2016. Summarizing the impacts on local post-harvest processors and gleaners, the assessment found that female post-harvest processors have increased capacity, confidence, and engagement in fisheries management. Gender mainstreaming efforts have succeeded in challenging cultural norms about women’s role in fisheries. Women have been exposed to sustainable fisheries management and are better equipped with the knowledge and leadership skills to advocate for good fisheries practices, which they actively demonstrate.     

地下空间开发中变形监测的新技术

当前的地下空间开发强调信息化施工,在诸多施工监测内容中,结构与环境的变形监测是其中最重要的一项。结合具体的工程实例对差异沉降、地下连续墙的水平位移,以及隧道变形等监测新技术进行扼要介绍。工程实践表明,这些新技术具有精准度高、稳定性好、可以实现实时自动采集与数据的远程传输等共同特点,是未来变形监测的发展方向。     

VMS交通可变信息标志与静态标志的协调设置分析

在对VMS交通可变信息标志与静态标志的差异和互补性分析及道路网和交通流信息需求特性分析的基础上,对VMS交通可变信息标志与静态标志的协调设置进行了探讨,为二者的协调设置提供了依据。     

广州地铁车站站台与车辆地板边缘关系调查

车站站台与车辆地板面之间的间隙与高差是否恰当,直接影响到乘客的安全.调查广州1～4号线已开通的64座车站站台与车辆地板边缘的间隙和高差,以及所涉及车辆地板面距轨面的高度,得到现场最基础的资料;探讨间隙、高差、地板面高度、线路中心与站台关系等实测或推算值与设计值的区别,对其产生的原因进行分析.结果表明,这对轨道交通的设计...     

永久气体罐车与液化气体罐车的异同点

阐述了装载永久气体的罐车与装载常见的液化气体的罐车在设计、制造,以及温度的变化对选材影响、充装使用等存在的异同,旨在消除设计人员认识上的误区,使永久气体罐车的研制更合理、更安全。     

混合开发用地配建停车泊位共享配置方法研究

针对混合开发用地配建停车泊位共享配置方法中的适用情境和需求分析等2个关键环节进行了研究。结合差异化停车管理政策实施边界的确定,对独立开发地块和混合开发用地群2种对象类型进行了共享配置措施适用范围的分析,为大城市分区分类制定建筑物停车配建标准提供了一定参考。基于上述适用前提,提出了国内大城市内混合开发用地(群)在共享条件下停车泊位总需求的分析模型和分析步骤。将这一方法应用于南京市江宁区的拟开发区域,发现共享配置下的泊位总需求可减少25.7%。      

Gendered immobility: influence of social roles and local context on mobility decisions in Pakistan

This paper examines the instances of one-day immobility in Pakistan and reports its socio-demographic determinants using the nationally representative dataset of the 2007 Pakistan Time Use Survey. Of 37,830 time diary respondents, nearly 30% did not report travel during the diary day. Homemakers and those out of the workforce were more likely to be immobile than employed or student respondents. Immobility rates were very high among women (55%) as compared to men (4%). Among women, those between 20 and 34 years of age, married, with children, having better education, dependent on other household members and those living in higher income households were more likely to be immobile. The excessive gender nature of immobility seems to be triggered by a gender-based sociocultural environment, which restricts female mobility due to family honor concerns. Other than this, those living in the provinces of Sindh and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa or in urban areas were more likely to be immobile than those living in Punjab and Sindh provinces or in rural areas. The significant geographic effect at broader spatial scale is caused by the demographic structure as well as due to differences in the social and cultural context of these areas. Finally, questions regarding the measurement of immobility and the potential implications of increased female immobility are discussed.     

基于特征脸和LS-SVM分类器的人脸性别分类

提出使用特征脸和最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)分类器相结合进行人脸性别分类.我们首先从训练图像中求得特征脸空间,然后将训练集和测试集图像投影到特征脸空间得到投影系数.使用训练样本投影系数训练LS-SVM分类器,对训练图像和测试图像进行分类试验,同时计算出分类准确率,实验结果表明LS-SVM分类要比其他分类算法有更好的优越性.在实验中我们也使用交叉验证来确定特征脸数目和核函数参数.     

跨文化语用对比分析下的中西礼貌原则之文化差异

礼貌原则是人们顺利进行言语交际的基础,在不同文化中表现出不同的特点。本文从中西文化差异的角度,阐述了具有代表性的、分别由顾曰国和利奇提出的中西礼貌原则,对比分析了中西礼貌原则的差异与成因,说明了在跨文化交际中对礼貌原则的研究的重要性及其对外语教学的启示。