A generalized model of pelagic biogeochemistry for the global ocean ecosystem. Part II: Numerical simulations

This paper presents a global ocean implementation of a multi-component model of marine pelagic biogeochemistry coupled on-line with an ocean general circulation model forced with climatological surface fields (PELAgic biogeochemistry for Global Ocean Simulations, PELAGOS). The final objective is the inclusion of this model as a component in an Earth System model for climate studies. The pelagic model is based on a functional stoichiometric representation of marine biogeochemical cycles and allows simulating the dynamics of C, N, P, Si, O and Fe taking into account the variation of their elemental ratios in the functional groups. The model also includes a parameterization of variable chlorophyll/carbon ratio in phytoplankton, carrying chl as a prognostic variable. The first part of the paper analyzes the contribution of non-local advective–diffusive terms and local vertical processes to the simulated chl distributions. The comparison of the three experiments shows that the mean chl distribution at higher latitudes is largely determined by mixing processes, while vertical advection controls the distribution in the equatorial upwelling regions. Horizontal advective and diffusive processes are necessary mechanisms for the shape of chl distribution in the sub-tropical Pacific. In the second part, the results have been compared with existing datasets of satellite-derived chlorophyll, surface nutrients, estimates of phytoplankton community composition and primary production data. The agreement is reasonable both in terms of the spatial distribution of annual means and of the seasonal variability in different dynamical oceanographic regions. Results indicate that some of the model biases in chl and surface nutrients distributions can be related to deficiencies in the simulation of physical processes such as advection and mixing. Other discrepancies are attributed to inadequate parameterizations of phytoplankton functional groups. The model has skill in reproducing the overall distribution of large and small phytoplankton but tends to underestimate diatoms in the northern higher latitudes and overestimate nanophytoplankton with respect to picoautotrophs in oligotrophic regions. The performance of the model is discussed in the context of its use in climate studies and an approach for improving the parameterization of functional groups in deterministic models is outlined.     

强夯挤淤在抛石引堤工程中的应用

本文结合南海石化项目引堤采用强夯挤淤代替挖泥的实践,重点介绍强夯参数的确定,施工方法及强夯效果。     

国有建筑企业建立绩效考核运行环境的研究

研究目的为企业强化人力资源管理,建立有利于有效推行绩效考核顺利运行的环境提供建议和参考。研究方法针对国有建筑大型企业的特殊情况及其所处具体运行环境,从观念转变、制度化建设、业务流程再造、促进全员参与等方面提出改进对策和建议,同时探讨了企业制度化、职业化、规范化等的必要性和重要性。研究结果企业要从员工思想观念的转变、全员的积极支持和参与、科学的业务流程、制度化建设等影响绩效考核环境的因素入手,建立绩效考核顺利运行的环境。研究结论在市场竞争日趋激烈的新形势下,国有企业必须要根据企业环境坚定不移的进行绩效管理,推行绩效考核,建立绩效考核运行的良好环境,通过科学有效的绩效考核再造科学高效的管理模式才是企业的最终目的。     

Ergonomic and biomechnical analysis of automotive general assembly using XML and digital human models

Automotive general assembly requires many manual assembly operations to be carried out by human workers. Ergonomic analysis is an important part of the design and evaluation of products, jobs, tools, machines and environments for safe, comfortable and effective human functioning. Most recent researches have involved the evaluation of working conditions to prevent work-related musculoskeletal disorders. The majority of previous research on automotive companies has mainly considered the results of ergonomic analyses such as RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment), REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) and OWAS (Ovako Working Posture Analysis System). Analysis of static posture including reachability, clearances for arm, hand and tool has also been used to evaluate working conditions. However, in addition to static posture analysis, a biomechanical analysis in dynamic conditions should also be conducted. There are no integrated frameworks or standard schema for ergonomic analysis using digital human models in digital environments. The purpose of this paper is to propose a new framework for the evaluation of working conditions by ergonomic and biomechanical analysis using digital models based on XML standard schema, including: products, processes, manufacturing resources and human workers. This paper presents the analysis results using the proposed framework for automotive general assembly operations. We propose a new framework for the evaluation of the assembly operations and their environments. Then we apply a digital human model to the dynamic simulation of general automotive assembly operations based on standard schemas in XML and PPRH (Product, Process, Resource and Human). Using PPRH information based on a standard XML schema to analyze the ergonomic and biomechanical results, the engineer can visualize, analyze and improve assembly operations and working environments in automotive general assembly shops using digital models.     

公路桥梁随机车流的平稳性和各态历经性检验

根据6条公路桥梁28条车道上的WIM系统实测车辆信息,分别生成了各车道上的随机车流类型过程.用随机过程理论分别计算得到各随机车流类型过程的集合均值、集合相关函数、时间均值、时间相关函数等随机特性参数.进一步对比分析,验证了所建立的随机车流类型过程的平稳性和各态历经性.结果表明:从实际公路上调查一定数量的车辆,其统计特性能够代表总体样本的车流信息,对车辆各种特征的统计结果具有代表性,可为公路桥梁随机车辆荷载模型的建立提供参考.     

客滚船开发与设计研究

客滚船(RoPax)是一种兼装滚装货物的客船,除运载旅客外,还运输小汽车、拖车和卡车。阐述了客滚船的设计理念和方法,包括线型设计、总布置设计、滚装设备和主要机电设备配置。供有关设计人员参考。     

俄罗斯造船业发展概况及其前景

介绍俄罗斯造船业的近代发展及其现状，分析其发展变化的历史和现实原因以及当前存在的问题、俄罗斯政府为发展其造船工业增强其竞争能力而采取的政策措施，以及其在21世纪的发展前景。     

漂石河床一般冲刷的人工神经网络解

漂石河床的一般冲刷计算是迄今为止还在研究的课题。本文使用人工神经网络方法中的反向转播算法(BP法 ) ,成功模拟了成昆线大漂石河床一般冲刷深度的测试数据 ,其精度较高 ,可供漂石河床的一般冲刷计算参考。     

营口港鲅鱼圈港区的总体布置

介绍营口港鲅鱼圈港区总体布置的调整方案。     

AC4000交流传动电力机车的研制

从基本特点、总参数、设备布置、电气原理和机车特性等简要介绍了ＡＣ４０００交流传动电力机车、该型机车研制成功对我国铁路电气化事业的发展具有重要意义。