Simplified buckling-and-contact-based expansion method for assessment of crashworthiness of double-hulled ship structure

Ship-to-ship collision events can have severe consequences such as loss of life and environmental degradation. For this reason, modern ship designs are required to incorporate a double-hulled structure to prevent inner-hull damage from such events. Using the experimental or numerical method to analyze the crashworthiness of double-hulled ship structures entails much effort, for which reason neither method is easy to adopt at the early design stage. In this paper, an existing simplified method called Ito's method is improved by a new buckling-and-contact-based expansion method. This method can be applied to double-hulled-structure or outer-hull-local-rupture failure mode. The perpendicular bow-to-side collision scenario is assumed for a conservative estimation of damage to a double-hulled structure. The method was verified in the present study by numerical ship collision simulations of several cases. The results for the buckling-and-contact-based expansion method and numerical simulation were similar for a blunt shape of striking body but different for a sharp shape.     

浮码头与旁靠船舶的运动响应特性研究

本文基于三维势流理论,采用数值分析方法研究了浮码头与散货船旁靠系泊的运动特性。考虑缆绳和护舷的非线性特性,探求了波浪周期对浮体运动、系缆力的影响规律。研究结果表明：考虑间隙内水体运动影响,旁靠散货船在横浪条件下的纵摇和纵荡运动有所增大。浮码头在计算工况下,缆绳受力较大,在某些工况条件下超出了国际系缆力标准的要求,旁靠散货船的缆绳在计算工况下均未超标,满足要求。研究结果为浮码头系泊系统的设计及工程运营提供理论参考。     

基于三维势流理论的耐波性数值预报

准确预报船体运动响应对于砰击等波浪载荷的计算以及合理结构设计具有重要意义。船舶在大幅波浪中的运动呈明显的非线性,而现阶段耐波性预报多采用线性切片方法。三维水动力分析软件 WASIM基于时域势流理论,采用 Rankine面元法预报船舶在波浪中的运动响应,并考虑了多种非线性因素。本文以标模 DTMB5512为对象,采用 WASIM预报其在不同航速下的耐波性,并与基于线性切片理论的计算结果和模型试验结果进行对比。结果表明：利用 WASIM计算得到的船体运动响应比其他方法更接近试验值,合理体现了船舶在风浪中的实际耐波性能。因此,利用 WASIM能够较好地评估船舶在波浪中的非线性耐波特性。     

Subjective-utility travel time budget modeling in the stochastic traffic network assignment

ABSTRACT

In this article, we propose a new model called subjective-utility travel time budget (SU-TTB) model to capture travelers' risk-averse route choices. In the travel time budget (TTB) and mean-excess travel time (METT) model, a predefined confidence level is needed to capture the risk-aversion in route choice. Due to the day-to-day route travel time variations, the exact confidence level is hard to be predicted. With the SU-TTB model, we assume travelers' confidence level belongs to an interval that they may comply with in the route choice. The two main components of SU-TTB are the utility function and the TTB model. We can show that the SU-TTB can be reduced to the TTB and METT model with proper utility function for the confidence levels. We can also prove its equivalence with our recently proposed nonlinear-expectation route travel time (NERTT) model in some cases and give some new interpretation on the NERTT with this equivalence. Finally, we formulate the SU-TTB model as a variational inequality (VI) problem to model the risk-averse user equilibrium (RAUE), termed as generalized RAUE (GRAUE). The GRAUE is solved via a heuristic gradient projection algorithm, and the model and solution algorithm are demonstrated with the Braess's traffic network and the Nguyen and Dupuis's traffic network.     

一种基于广义S变换增强的柴油机失火故障特征提取方法

为有效提取柴油机缸盖振动信号失火故障特征,提出一种基于广义S变换增强的柴油机失火故障特征提取方法。首先根据柴油机燃烧过程与配气相位的关系对信号进行等角度重采样,然后利用广义S变换对信号进行消噪处理,并按工作循环将信号的周期性瞬态特征进行同步增强。通过仿真信号验证和某柴油机缸盖振动信号的实例应用,结果表明,此方法能有效地提取柴油机缸盖振动信号的失火故障特征,实现失火故障的准确诊断。     

山区高速公路高边坡防治对策

针对高速公路进山后，横断山区高速公路建设中出现的“谈坡色变”的修山“景观”——高边坡存在的风险及质量、投资和工期上的潜在隐患以及大面积破坏自然环境引起的水土流失，甚至降低了高速公路抗灾防灾能力等问题，结合近年来的探索和思考，提出避免和减少高边坡数量(高度和处数)的意见和建议。     

海洋环境下混凝土中钢筋加速锈蚀研究

为研究海洋环境下氯离子渗透导致混凝土中钢筋电化学腐蚀行为、锈胀裂缝发展及锈斑分布情况,同时为青岛地铁高性能混凝土配合比的优化及耐久性能提供试验依据,设计了上置腐蚀溶液槽的钢筋混凝土试件,并针对C40、C50、C50S和C55 4类钢筋混凝土试件开展恒电位加速试验。试验结果表明： 采用本试验方法加速钢筋混凝土锈蚀,靠近混凝土保护层一侧的钢筋锈蚀严重,钢筋出现点蚀现象,与自然环境下钢筋锈蚀情况一致; 依据交流阻抗谱图拟合的钢筋电荷转移电阻随腐蚀时间增加而下降,依据计算的腐蚀电流密度,测试的钢筋电流演变拐点可确定C40、C50、C50S和C55混凝土中钢筋脱钝时间分别为60～70、80～90、90～100、100～110 h,钢筋混凝土锈胀开裂时间分别为120、136、176、264 h; 采用图像处理软件依据灰度值不同可实现锈斑分布的定量计算,混凝土护筋能力排序为C55>C50S>C50>C40。     

北京市商业区可达性研究

为建立商业区可达性计算方法,并为未来商业区的选址、设计提供参考,选取北京市较为典型的5个商业区为研究对象,对商业区的特点进行了分析。从理论上探讨了计算商业区可达性包含的4个因素：土地利用、交通系统、时间因素以及个体因素。借鉴潜能模型,提出了可达性理论模型,并给出具体的可达性计算公式。以北京市5个商业区中18个大中型商场为例,计算可达性以及各区域到达这些商业区的可达性分布。     

城市机动车拥有量发展战略研究

以路网广义容量计算理论为前提,通过对规划年路网容量的计算,从供需平衡的角度和对未来路网机动车运行状况的估计,确定规划年机动车限制保有量的预测值,从而为城市机动车发展战略提供重要的决策依据.最后根据文中提出的计算模型对重庆市主城区未来机动车发展状况进行实例分析.