An investigation on wheel/rail impact dynamics with a three-dimensional flat model

Wheel flat is one kind of railway train wheelset defects. It has great influence on wheel/rail dynamics and damages. In most of the presented studies, wheel/rail impact velocity or rolling radius variation of the wheel because of flat spot was taken into account to study the wheel/rail impact dynamics. In this paper, a three-dimensional wheel flat model considering the length, width and depth of the flat spot is established. Including the wheel rotation and wheel/rail contact geometry, a high-speed vehicle–rail coupling system dynamics model is developed to investigate the effect of the wheel flat on the wheel/rail dynamics. With time integration method of the models, the impact dynamics of the wheel/rail system with three types of flat width and five kinds of flat length are obtained. The results show that the width, the length of the wheel flat and the width/length ratio have a great influence on the wheel/rail impact dynamics. The wheel/rail impact dynamics of the flat with large width is more severe than with small width as the flat length is fixed. When a flat spot occurs, the permissible length of the wheel defect, needless to action, is 25?mm in maximum. The speed safety domain with three kinds of flat width/length ratio of a vehicle is obtained according to the wheel/rail vertical force limitation.     

Simulation of dynamic interaction between train and railway turnout

Dynamic train-track interaction is more complex in railway turnouts (switches and crossings) than that in ordinary tangent or curved tracks. Multiple contacts between wheel and rail are common, and severe impact loads with broad frequency contents are induced, when nominal wheel-rail contact conditions are disturbed because of the continuous variation in rail profiles and the discontinuities in the crossing panel. The absence of transition curves at the entry and exit of the turnout, and the cant deficiency, leads to large wheel-rail contact forces and passenger discomfort when the train is switching into the turnout track. Two alternative multibody system (MBS) models of dynamic interaction between train and a standard turnout design are developed. The first model is derived using a commercial MBS software. The second model is based on a multibody dynamics formulation, which may account for the structural flexibility of train and track components (based on finite element models and coordinate reduction methods). The variation in rail profile is accounted for by sampling the cross-section of each rail at several positions along the turnout. Contact between the back of the wheel flange and the check rail, when the wheelset is steered through the crossing, is considered. Good agreement in results from the two models is observed when the track model is taken as rigid.     

基于分段控制的MMPC排气管段几何建模方法

MMPC系统排气歧管出口形状与入口形状有较大差异。为降低歧管内的流动损失,需要入口形状沿歧管轴线平滑过渡到出口形状,确定歧管截面形状沿歧管轴线的分布规律是实现平滑过渡的前提。给出一种基于分段控制的MMPC排气歧管几何建模方法,建立对出口、入口形状近似程度不同的一组截面,通过各截面在扫描路径上的位置变化,控制MMPC排气歧管段的平滑过渡,为MMPC排气管段的优化设计建立基础。     

基于RFID的轨检车里程自动校对系统

采用RFID(射频识别)技术,研发出适用于地铁轨检车的里程自动校对系统.该系统在南京地铁网轨检测车上成功应用,解决地铁轨检车里程自动校对问题.该系统在地铁轨检车上应用的识别误差在0.2 m-0.6 m以内,且不受外部环境影响.理想安装条件下,识别速度可达400 km/h.为对我国高速铁路轨道检测系统里程校对提供一种全新的解决方案.     

杭州湾跨海大桥钢箱梁安装线形控制中的几个问题

杭州湾跨海大桥南通航孔桥为A形单塔双索面三跨连续半漂浮体系钢箱梁斜拉桥,其钢箱梁安装过程中,先后发生了临时固结松动、支架脱离时梁端标高异常、悬臂梁端竖向标高变化大、轴线横向偏差增加等问题.针对其安装线形控制问题进行分析和讨论,施工中采取相应措施控制钢箱粱安装线形,完成主跨合龙,取得了较好的效果.     

车用涡轮机复合喷嘴初步优化设计

提出了一种新型的涡轮喷嘴结构——复合喷嘴,针对该新型的涡轮可调喷嘴结构进行了数值模拟,对喷嘴叶片周向位置、叶片安装角和叶片数等参数进行了初步优化,并分析了气动损失偏大的流动机理。数值仿真结果表明,该喷嘴总压损失相对于单叶片VNT喷嘴略大,喷嘴段总压损失增大1.4%。     

喷孔几何特征尺寸对柴油喷雾及柴油机性能影响的研究进展

概述了国内外关于喷孔几何特征尺寸对柴油喷雾雾束及柴油机性能影响的研究现状,着重阐述了喷嘴类型对喷雾贯穿距离的影响,以及喷孔锥度、入口圆弧、喷孔直径、孔壁粗糙度等特征尺寸对柴油喷雾锥角、空穴的产生、出口流速及柴油机缸内的燃烧特性、燃油经济性、排放特性等的影响,介绍了制模法、力传感器测量法、X射线相衬成像技术这三种新颖、可行的测量喷孔几何特征尺寸的方法。     

非线性因素对钢桁架拱桥极限承载力的影响分析

利用大型通用软件ANSYS对长江下游某大跨度钢桁架拱桥做几何和材料双重非线性、几何非线性、线弹性等三种情况下的极限承载力对比分析,从而得出非线性因素对钢桁架拱桥极限承载力的影响,以及符合结构实际的极限承载力。     

基于几何网络的铁路网拓扑分析

铁路网拓扑结构复杂,沿线各种维护点和设备变更较多,不易描述.利用Geodatabase数据模型中的几何网络对铁路网拓扑结构进行描述,可以将GIS与铁路网拓扑统一起来,又可以充分利用几何网络强大的拓扑分析功能,提高搜索的效率.文中提出一种基于几何网络的铁路网拓扑分析方法,详细阐述利用几何网络描述铁路网的方法.     

工效学新技术在机车驾驶环境设计中的应用

“人的因素”是机车驾驶环境设计中不容忽视的一个重要环节。文章对机车驾驶环境设计中的工效学问题进行了论述,对人体测量、人机几何适配性评价、视线跟踪、心理负荷测量和热环境评价等工效学新技术在机车驾驶环境设计中的实际应用进行了探讨。