Simulation of dynamic interaction between train and railway turnout

Dynamic train–track interaction is more complex in railway turnouts (switches and crossings) than that in ordinary tangent or curved tracks. Multiple contacts between wheel and rail are common, and severe impact loads with broad frequency contents are induced, when nominal wheel–rail contact conditions are disturbed because of the continuous variation in rail profiles and the discontinuities in the crossing panel. The absence of transition curves at the entry and exit of the turnout, and the cant deficiency, leads to large wheel–rail contact forces and passenger discomfort when the train is switching into the turnout track. Two alternative multibody system (MBS) models of dynamic interaction between train and a standard turnout design are developed. The first model is derived using a commercial MBS software. The second model is based on a multibody dynamics formulation, which may account for the structural flexibility of train and track components (based on finite element models and coordinate reduction methods). The variation in rail profile is accounted for by sampling the cross-section of each rail at several positions along the turnout. Contact between the back of the wheel flange and the check rail, when the wheelset is steered through the crossing, is considered. Good agreement in results from the two models is observed when the track model is taken as rigid.     

Mathematical modelling of train–turnout interaction

The paper proposes a mathematical model of train–turnout interaction in the mid-frequency range (0–500 Hz). The model accounts for the effects of rail profile variation along the track and of local variation of track flexibility. The proposed approach is able to represent the condition of one wheel being simultaneously in contact with more than one rail, allowing the accurate prediction of the effect of wheels being transferred from one rail to another when passing over the switch toe and the crossing nose. Comprehensive results of train–turnout interaction during the negotiation of the main and the branch lines are presented, including the effect of wear of wheel/rail profiles and presence of track misalignment. In the final part of the paper, comparisons are performed between the results of numerical simulations and line measurements performed on two different turnouts for urban railway lines, showing a good agreement between experimental and numerical results.     

Improvement of vehicle–turnout interaction by optimising the shape of crossing nose

Proper rail geometry in the crossing part is essential for reducing damage on the nose rail. To improve the dynamic behaviour of turnout crossings, a numerical optimisation approach to minimise rolling contact fatigue (RCF) damage and wear in the crossing panel by varying the nose rail shape is presented in the paper. The rail geometry is parameterised by defining several control cross-sections along the crossing. The dynamic vehicle–turnout interaction as a function of crossing geometry is analysed using the VI-Rail package. In formulation of the optimisation problem a combined weighted objective function is used consisting of the normal contact pressure and the energy dissipation along the crossing responsible for RCF and wear, respectively. The multi-objective optimisation problem is solved by adapting the multipoint approximation method and a number of compromised solutions have been found for various sets of weight coefficients. Dynamic behaviour of the crossing has been significantly improved after optimisations. Comparing with the reference design, the heights of the nose rail are notably increased in the beginning of the crossing; the nominal thicknesses of the nose rail are also changed. All the optimum designs work well under different track conditions.     

Optimisation of railway crossing geometry considering a representative set of wheel profiles

A numerical method for robust geometry optimisation of railway crossings is presented. The robustness is achieved by optimising the crossing geometry for a representative set of wheel profiles. As a basis for the optimisation, a crossing geometry is created where rail cross-sectional profiles and longitudinal height profiles of both wing rails and crossing nose are parameterised. Based on the approximation that the two problems are decoupled, separate optimisations are performed for the cross-sectional rail profiles and the longitudinal height profiles. The rail cross sections are optimised to minimise the maximum Hertzian wheel–rail contact pressure. The longitudinal height profiles are optimised to minimise the accumulated damage in the wing rail to crossing nose transition zone. The accumulated damage is approximated using an objective criterion that accounts for the angle of the wheel trajectory reversal during the transition from the wing rail to the crossing nose as well as the distribution of transition points for the utilised wheel profile set. It is found that small nonlinear height deviations from a linear longitudinal wing rail profile in the transition zone can reduce the objective compared to the nominal design. It is further demonstrated that the variation in wheel profile shapes, lateral wheel displacements and the feasible transition zone length of the crossing will determine the longitudinal height profiles of the wing rail and crossing nose if all wheel profiles are to make their transition within the transition zone.     

基于线阵相机的接触轨几何参数动态检测系统

基于线阵相机的接触轨几何参数动态检测系统,采用高速线阵相机,通过光切法,获取接触轨目标图像;采用双目成像检测原理,同时结合车体偏移补偿,精确测量接触轨几何参数;采用实时定位系统,对检测数据进行定位。     

轮轨接触几何分析及其在Maple下的实现

为满足列车动力学仿真对轮轨接触点位置的精度要求,采用解析方法建立轮轨空间接触几何的约束方程组,并给出其在二维轮轨接触几何情形时的简化形式.以S1002车轮踏面和UIC60钢轨为例,基于符号计算平台Maple软件对该约束方程组进行求解,得到轮轨接触几何参数.结果表明:二维轮轨接触时的滚动半径差、接触角差、接触点在车轮踏面...     

单元双块式无砟轨道道床板温度翘曲变形的影响研究

单元双块式无砟轨道中的道床板在温度梯度作用下会产生翘曲变形,可能对轨道几何形位产生不利影响,从而危害行车安全。采用有限元方法建立单元双块式无砟轨道计算模型,探索温度梯度作用下道床板的翘曲变形规律及其对轨道几何形位的影响。结果表明:在正温度梯度作用下,道床板的翘曲变形较大,可能危害高速行车安全,需采取措施进行控制;而在负温度梯度作用下,道床板的温度翘曲变形较小,可忽略。     

轨道不平顺数据分析程序研究

利用Matlab软件编写的轨道不平顺数据分析程序能够对轨检车测得的不平顺数据进行处理,得到功率谱密度分布函数.轨道不平顺分析程序包括轨道不平顺数据预处理、轨道不平顺谱分布函数计算以及根据实测的车体振动加速度,对轨道不平顺与车体振动加速度进行相干分析、提出对行车运行有不利影响的不平顺波长范围等.研究结果表明:车辆的动力特...     

几何参数对副构架径向转向架动力学性能影响的研究

比较了两种典型副构架径向转向架径向机构的不同点,通过分析副构架式径向转向架交叉杆水平面内的受力情况,建立转向架等效模型,解方程组得到其等效剪切刚度关于交叉杆横向安装跨距的函数表达式,分析出交叉杆几何参数对转向架动力学性能的影响,并通过SIMPACK仿真模型计算验证。     

柔性吊桥无应力初始状态的确定

为评估某柔性吊桥的承载力,笔者对其进行了空载状态几何形状测量和静载试验,并利用几何非线性有限元法对试验结果进行了数值模拟.着重探讨了利用结构现状参数,确定结构无应力初始状态的方法.有限元法的模拟结果与实测值的吻合证明了该方法的正确性.笔者建立的结构无应力初始状态确定方法,可用于大跨度索结构的有限元分析与设计.