Controlling Structural Deformation of Surrounding Rock Passed by a Deep-Buried Tunnel北大核心CSCD

Layered rock masses with rapid and serious initial deformation and anisotropy regarding the spatial dis-tribution of the failure are encountered during the construction of many large and deeply buried tunnels on the Lan-zhou-Chongqing railway. It is difficult to deal with the resulting problems with conventional control measures, and additional support measures are frequently needed, which significantly affects construction. Focusing on this special large non-linear deformation, the failure mechanism of the large structural deformation of layered rock masses is thor-oughly analyzed by geological site surveys, laboratory tests, site tests and 3DEC discrete element numerical simula-tion. The research results show that high geostress induces rapid and strong squeezing deformation after excavation in low-strength rock masses, and anisotropy of the layered rock mass controls the stress redistribution after excava-tion and the asymmetrical distribution of tunnel section deformation. Based on the asymmetric deformation mecha-nism of the rock mass, a directional support measure for the disturbance anisotropy of the layered rock mass is pro-posed as a rock mass control to reinforce it in an active way. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

基于层状围岩变形特征的高地应力陡倾板岩隧道合理洞型研究

即将开工建设的川藏铁路雅安至昌都段,隧道穿越地层多以陡倾（立）变质层状板岩为主,埋深大都在千米左右,地应力高或极高,其建设面临着很严重的大变形问题,给设计阶段初期带来极大挑战。针对以上工程背景,基于层状围岩的变形特征,对高地应力陡倾板岩隧道的合理洞型选择展开研究。首先通过解析计算分析圆形洞室层状围岩的变形特征,并进一步采用离散元数值模拟计算分析马蹄形洞室的变形特征,经相互对比验证数值计算的可行性和合理性,在此基础上,对比研究高地应力陡倾板岩地层单洞双线隧道、双洞单线隧道选择对控制变形的优越性,最后在选定的双洞单线隧道洞型基础上进行优化选择。研究结果表明：与岩层倾角垂直处围岩以结构变形为主,结构面张开变形与薄层结构的弯曲变形为变形的主要来源,且垂直结构面方向围岩变形程度与影响范围均大于其他方向;从控制隧道变形及开挖影响范围考虑,在高地应力陡倾（立）板岩地层采用双洞单线隧道更为合理;在高地应力陡倾（立）板岩地层中,单线隧道高跨比为1.02~1.06时,变形控制最好,而圆形隧道由于开挖面积的增大并非为最优断面。     

高地应力隧道施工对围岩应力与变形的影响研究

依据围岩稳定性理论,通过数值模拟方法,针对参数变化较大的几类围岩及参数在小范围变化的同一类围岩在高地应力圆形隧道施工过程中围岩应力与变形的表现形式,建立大量数值模型进行分析。结果表明：围岩较好的隧道主要应解决高地应力集中问题,围岩较软弱的隧道主要应解决变形问题;围岩参数小范围变化时,对围岩应力影响由大到小的参数依次为内摩擦角、粘聚力、泊松比、弹性模量,对围岩变形影响由大到小的参数依次为弹性模量、粘聚力、内摩擦角、泊松比。     

兰渝铁路木寨岭隧道岭脊核心段扩拆技术

为解决极高地应力作用下兰渝铁路木寨岭隧道岭脊核心地段大变形的问题,分析岭脊核心地段围岩流变和衬砌开裂的原因,提出岭脊核心段衬砌开裂扩拆技术： 设置套拱加固、围岩径向加固、加强支护刚度、优化隧道断面结构、严格控制各工序施工步距、调整隧道变形预留量。对台架法和洞碴回填机械开挖法2种扩拆方法进行比选,选取洞碴回填机械开挖法进行扩拆。重点介绍洞碴回填机械开挖法施工技术和施工组织,并对支护结构变形和受力进行监测,结果表明： 采用洞碴回填机械开挖法扩拆施工安全,支护结构变形在预计范围、无侵限,二次衬砌结构稳定、无开裂。     

Support Form and Construction Sequence for Soft Rock Tunnels with Small Spacing,High Stress and Deformation北大核心CSCD

Increasingly, stations are being extended to tunnels due to the effects of topography on mountain rail-ways and the requirements of the stations. A forked tail tunnel arrangement is the most popular one, but the concomi-tant effect of the following tunnel on the antecedent tunnel during construction of a tunnel with small spacing causes cracking of the primary support and secondary lining as well as heaving of the invert, which continues to trouble en-gineers. Different problems are encountered by different tunnels because of the complexities and variations of geo-logical environments. Using the construction of two single-line sections with small spacing for the Xinchengzi tunnel on the Lanzhou-Chongqing railway as an example, the support form for a soft rock tunnel with small spacing and high geostress and deformation, as well as the invert construction sequence of the left and right lines and secondary lining, are analyzed and discussed. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

高地应力软弱围岩铁路隧道的衬砌压力

以关角隧道为工程背景,采用开挖应力释放率模型,研究高地应力软弱围岩地质条件下铁路隧道的衬砌压力.基于现场实测地应力和施工监测位移,根据台阶法开挖中存在的空间效应,推算未监测到的坑道周边位移和掌子面前方位移,再采用改进的BP人工神经网络模型预测隧道围岩的最终位移.利用开挖应力释放率模型获得隧道衬砌压力及应力释放规律.该规律与经典围岩特征曲线规律一致,且与工程经验和现场施工状态基本符合.采用FLAC3D软件对该段隧道开挖过程进行三维数值模拟,验证了上述方法在高地应力软弱围岩地质条件下的正确性和合理性.计算结果和模拟结果均表明:由于高地应力软弱围岩和初支效果不佳,使得关角隧道DyK307+ 900处衬砌压力较大,隧道结构处于不利的受力状态.     

双层初期支护在云屯堡隧道高地应力软岩洞段中的应用

为研究隧道双层初期支护中第2层支护的钢拱架设置方式和施作时机,结合成兰铁路云屯堡隧道高地应力软岩隧道工程,对 高地应力软岩大变形隧道双层初期支护中内、外2层钢拱架的布设方式和第2层初期支护的施作时机进行分析和研究。 由研究结 果可知: 1)双层初期支护中钢拱架采取交错的布置方式更有利于初期支护结构受力和围岩变形控制; 2)第2层初期支护应在第1 层初期支护结构不被破坏前及时施作,对于云屯堡隧道来说,第2层初期支护施作滞后掌子面的距离在7 m内较好。     

地下工程岩爆发生条件研究

从地应力条件、岩体结构及其性能、地质构造条件、水文地质条件、开挖施工因素等方面着手,对地下工程岩爆发生条件问题作了较为详细的研究.