加强政府职能转变 提高海上搜救水平

海上搜救作为一种国家组织实施的公益性事业．是国家应急管理体系的重要组成部分，体现政府的应急处理能力，我国正在积极构建社会主义和谐社会，对海上搜救工作提出了更高的要求。目前我国海上搜救工作在取得明显成效的同时，存在立法滞后、设施设备不成系统、公共服务产品缺乏等诸多问题。“必须按照政府职能转变的要求，从加快立法进度、推广宣传教育、完善基础设施、发挥海事主导作用等方面，努力提供人民群众满意的海上搜救公共服务产品。     

政府在发展职业教育中的作用初探

职业教育的功能和作用,决定了发展职业教育是政府的职责。政府是职业教育发展规划的主要制定者和实施者,在发展职业教育中可以发挥规划的导向、调节和指导作用;政府是职业教育及其相关法规的制定者和执行者,在发展职业教育中可以发挥法律的引导、保障和促进作用。     

基于内部控制的政府投资项目投资控制研究

政府投资项目由于其公益性、产权不确定性等复杂特点,导致了政府投资项目投资控制的复杂性。建立有效的政府投资项目的投资控制机制,对当前我国政府投资项目建设有重要的指导意义。从内部控制的角度,分析了政府投资项目投资失控的原因,并提出了相应的改善措施:完善政府投资项目法人治理结构;建立政府投资项目法人有效的激励和约束机制;强化项目法人对财务报告准确性的责任并向社会公众披露财务报告;加强政府投资项目的内部审计。     

Developing a Framework to Identify Local Business and Government Vulnerability to Sea-Level Rise: A Case Study of Coastal Virginia

In this article, we develop methods for identifying local business and government vulnerabilities to sea-level rise and the natural hazards associated with it. Unlike the fairly large literature on measuring social vulnerability to natural hazards, there are very few papers that discuss methods for measuring local business or local government vulnerability even though businesses and governments are also differentially affected natural hazards. Our goal is to create measures that are easily replicable using readily available data and that are easy to explain to local planners, policymakers, and citizens. We implement our measures of local business and government vulnerability for our study area, Coastal Virginia. We combine those measures with a physical vulnerability measure to identify the areas in Coastal Virginia where planners and policymakers need to more closely examine the potential impacts of sea-level rise on their local businesses and government. While our methods are tailored to Coastal Virginia, they could be easily applied in other areas threatened by sea-level rise.     

高校校园危机事件中的心理干预模式研究——以一名精神分裂大学生引发的校园危机事件为例

精神分裂症作为一种重度精神疾病，最近几年逐渐成为高校校园危机事件的重要因素之一。文章通过对一名患有精神分裂症学生的个案研究，讨论了校园危机事件的处理策略，以及如何对受到影响的同学进行及时有效的心理干预，从而为校园危机事件的处理和校园危机管理机制的建立提供参考。     

Influence of local government on port investment: implications of China’s decentralized port governance system

ABSTRACT

The pursuit of better performance by the local government can influence the investment decision-making related to port expansion. This paper compares the ceilings at which the port enterprise and the local government would stop making investments. To achieve this, the benefits to the port enterprise and the local government are measured over a given time period. An empirical study investigating how a port would respond if a rival port uses a type of capacity investment strategy is conducted for two major ports in Liaoning. The time at which the local government and the port enterprise would stop making investments and the final equilibrium are developed using the data from 2010. From the empirical results, it was found that investment in port capacity contributes greatly to the local government’s performance. Meanwhile, different investment ceilings are discovered for the port enterprise and the local government. This research is meaningful for discussing the institutional relationship between the local government and the port enterprise in China’s current decentralized port governance system.

This paper is a revised and expanded version of a paper entitled ‘Port expansion mechanism in the context of political achievement of local government: a special phenomenon in China’ presented at International Association of Maritime Economists 2012 Taipei Conference during 5th September –8th September.     

The U.S. national marine sanctuary program: An analysis of the program's implementation and current issues

Abstract

The U.S. National Marine Sanctuary Program was established in 1972 by Title III of the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act (16 U.S.C. §1431 et seq.). In this article, we discuss the development of the sanctuary concept, and the original intent of Congress, and analyze how it was applied by the sanctuary program. Differences in interpretation of the program's purpose are examined, including discussion of the multiple‐use management concept, an important but controversial management technique used in the sanctuaries. The continuing efforts by Congress and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to clarify the program's purpose are investigated. The program's administrative history is explained and the current sanctuaries and active candidates are briefly described. In light of the 1988 reauthorization of the Marine Sanctuary Act, the current issues facing the program are analyzed. Finally, we draw conclusions and make recommendations for the program's future.     

大学生心理危机引发的思考

做好大学生心理危机的干预工作,是高校辅导员的一项重要任务。本文介绍了心理危机的表现形式、产生的原因以及辅导员在心理危机干预中的角色认知,为我院进行学生心理危机干预提出了一些建议。     

共享单车的外部性分析及发展策略研究

为了厘清共享单车参与各方的权利与义务,更好地发挥市场调节作用,提高资源配置效 率,从共享单车的经济外部性特征入手,运用经济学成本收益理论分析了共享单车的负外部性产 生的原因,论证了共享单车外部成本管理的必要性,最后从外部成本内部化角度,面向政府、企 业和用户分别提出了管理策略,为共享单车的可持续发展提供参考。研究结果表明,共享单车的 正外部性主要体现在促进自行车出行,优化交通结构,促进交通领域节能减排;负外部性主要体 现在挤占道路资源,车辆乱停乱放,安全隐患突出;消减共享单车负外部性的根本手段是控制共 享单车的规模在动态最优投放量附近。在市场价格调节机制失灵的情况下,必须发挥政府的激励 作用,将可持续发展目标、共享单车企业、共享单车使用者紧密联系起来,共同消减共享单车带 来的负外部成本。     

论交通运输行业的政府与市场结构转变

在我国全面深化改革重大战略中,政府与市场关系的处理是核心。应用中央政府-地方政 府-市场三元结构模型,总结了交通运输行业政府与市场结构演变的历史与未来发展趋势。重点 论述了新时期交通运输行业中央政府-地方政府-市场的结构分配。在政府与市场关系处理方面, 提出在“市场发挥资源配置的决定性作用”背景下交通运输政府部门职能转变的方向,即退出竞 争性领域、强化政策制定、优化发展规划、弱化市场监管、创新公共产品与服务提供模式。在中 央政府与地方政府关系处理方面,论述了财税体制改革的落实将大幅提升地方政府的财权和支出 责任,地方交通运输管理部门将逐步发挥行业管理的主导作用。最后提出,交通运输行业应进一 步明确职责定位、以强有力的制度和法律法规作为保障,完善三者关系,全力切实推进全面深化 改革战略实施