An Assessment of Integrated Coastal Management Governance and Implementation Using the DPSIR Framework: KwaZulu-Natal,South Africa

Coastal areas are under increasing pressure driven by demands for coastal space, primarily though population growth, in migration and the need for space for socioeconomic activities. The pressures and associated changes to the coastal environment need to be managed to ensure long-term sustainability. South Africa has enacted an Integrated Coastal Management Act (ICM Act) to facilitate dedicated management of its coastal environment. The implementation has been met with a number of challenges, primarily relating to financial and human capacity constraints, particularly at the local government level. Given that the ICM Act devolves powers to local government, it is imperative that implementation challenges be addressed. This paper focuses on KwaZulu-Natal, one of four South African coastal regions, which is a renowned tourist destination and home to 11.1 million people (Statistics South Africa 2015 Statistics South Africa. 2015. Mid-Year Population Estimates. Statistical release P0302. Pretoria, South Africa: Statistics South Africa. [Google Scholar]). This paper considers the state of coastal management, as well as implementation challenges being experienced at a local governance level, and highlights ways to address these. Data were acquired through questionnaire surveys and semistructured interviews. The Drivers-Pressures-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework was used to identify relevant ICM issues and concerns and develop potential actions for improving the implementation of coastal management activities and the ICM Act. In the assessment of the ICM governance and implementation to date, a key concern identified was a general lack of coastal management knowledge among officials. It was specifically identified that knowledgeable management and capacity-building required championing from the provincial government in order to more efficiently and effectively implement the objectives of the ICM Act through an improved understanding of the coastal environment, its functioning and management.     

论电子政府在政治参与中的作用

传统政治参与有参与主体不平等、参与范围窄、参与意识弱、参与效率低、参与制度化程度较低等缺憾．电子政府在政治参与中发挥着重要作用,促进政治参与公开化、廉洁化、平等化、高效化、法治化,弥补了这些缺憾．为确保电子政府作用的实现,须具备以下条件：加快发展经济,构建电子政府;培育政治文化,增强参与自觉;保证信息公开,消除“数字鸿沟”;加快信息立法,注重道德自律．     

我国政府在对外直接投资中的功能分析

当前,随着跨国公司的全球一体化战略、我国入世和国民经济的快速发展,在国内外机遇与压力并存的情况下,为了适应经济全球化,我国政府必须加快实施对外直接投资战略。为此,各级政府部门应从加快立法、完善宏观管理和产业引导、争取有利的国际环境、加大对企业的服务与支持等方面完善其功能,从而为我国企业对外直接投资创造更好的投资环境。     

水上安全监督管理长效运行机制的探讨

以广东省水域发生的三起重特大水上交通事故为例,对现有水上安全监督管理体制及传统的监督管理措施进行更深层次的思考,认为引入和实行“引导型政府职能模式”,是目前建立我国水上安全监督管理长效的运行机制的关键．     

从深圳模式看我国电子政务的发展

从深圳市出台的电子政务标准化暂行办法出发,对加强政务资源整合,消除电子壁垒,提高办事效率,服务人性化以及努力消除数字鸿沟等方面进行论述,分析了我国电子政务试点城市深圳市电子政务的建设模式,讨论了我国电子政务建设中出现的主要问题,并提出了未来我国电子政务建设的若干发展趋势。     

市场经济中政府规制行为的选择--以解决城市"机动三轮车"运营问题为案例

在我国的大中城市中,机动三轮车运营现象普遍存在。对这些车辆,尤其是在一些大城市中,政府有关部门千方百计地试图加以消灭,可是屡战屡败,而这些运营车辆却生意十分兴隆。为什么会出现这种现象?这种现象怎么会长期存在?本文通过对沈阳市机动三轮车运营情况的实际调查并利用经济博弈论进行一个初步的分析。     

基于三方博弈的短途班轮航线优化模型

考虑政府补贴、碳排放控制以及货主运输方式选择, 提出基于航线运营者、货主和政府三方博弈关系的短途班轮航线优化模型。应用用户平衡原理, 模型可优化航线配船与航线结构设计, 计算恰当的政府补贴额。开发了基于时空网络拓展和Frank-Wolf算法的遗传算法求解模型, 并对渤海西部短途航线进行了优化。研究结果表明: 在政府补贴为1 121.28元.d^-1时, 运营者若采用9艘40 000t级滚装船在渤海西部区域各主要港口间布设单摆式航线, 每船可获得704 567.12元.d^-1的收益, 碳排放强度下降约17.78%;若期望碳排放强度下降20%以上, 运营者应采用8艘40 000t级滚装船做环绕航行, 可为运营者带来956 264.83元.d^-1的收益, 使碳排放强度下降约27.23%, 但需要政府提供56 075.26元.d^-1的高额补助。计算结果符合预期, 优化模型有效。     

Policy implementation of multi-modal (shared) mobility: review of a supply-demand value proposition canvas

ABSTRACT

Urban mobility options have increased in recent years, assisted by the widespread availability of smart device software apps, geo-positioning technology, and convenient electronic financial transactions. Multi-modal shared mobility consists of public transit systems and shared mobilities that support first/last mile travel, denoting the capability of Mobility as a Service (MaaS), and to stimulate additional non-private car travel demand. This paper reviews the supply and demand sides of implementation of multi-modal shared mobility. It found that an abundance of shared modes of car, bike, and e-scooter that are linked to public transport, can improve transport accessibility to meet specific public preferences, reduce social inequality, and minimise dilemmas from the demand side. This study introduces government policy innovations and other supporting system to improve the implementation of multi-modal shared mobility. Government policies play a key role in supporting shared mobility and technology development. However, governments do not have much information about new products such as shared mobility, which creates difficulties in subsidising multi-modal shared mobility services and potentially leads to policy failures around shared mobility schemes. This study suggests that policy entrepreneurship in collaboration with other partners, policy innovation, and the notions of merit goods and second-best policymaking can enable policy initiatives towards multi-modal shared mobility and provide supporting arguments if policies encounter failures. Implementing multi-modal shared mobility requires a collaborative partnership for a paradigm shift: service providers and government must jointly set a merit-based business model, with the support of organisations to achieve improved infrastructure provision, and smart technology applications. The findings will assist the community, business providers and government policymakers to promote multi-modal shared mobility as a pathway towards more efficient, environmentally sustainable, and socially responsive mobility solutions.     

基于博弈的政府采购寻租监管问题研究

如何有效监督和防范寻租行为是政府采购领域中的热点话题。从政府和采购人员成本收益角度分析,分别构建完全信息下政府与采购人员的单阶段和重复博弈模型,探讨了政府采购监督效率的影响因素和最优决策方案。结果表明：除稽查成本和效益外,租金额度、采购人员风险偏好以及采购人员素质等因素也会影响政府决策;政府惩罚力度、采购人员寻租成本以及社会环境则会影响采购人员的寻租行为。     

谈政府在校企合作中的主导作用

校企合作是高校与企业共同进行人才培养的一种模式。企业的积极参与是高职院校解决学生技能培养问题的最佳方案。本文在分析了校企合作中存在的两大主要问题的基础上,阐述了政府及相关法律法规对校企合作的主导作用。