寻找政府与市场的平衡点 --中外行政改革的基本共性分析

公共部门膨胀、公共支出增加及行政效率低下等现象是政府职能扩张的必然结果,而政府职能扩张又源于对政府需求的增加.行政改革中市场机制的引入可以帮助政府实现职能卸载,使对政府的需求转化为对市场的需求,从而避免政府扩张.但市场的局限性也不容忽视,所以从国情出发充分发挥政府与市场的各自优势,确立政府与市场的平衡点,是中外行政改革的基本共性和发展趋势.对我国而言,政府与市场的动态平衡过程正是行政改革的逐渐推进过程.     

论服务型政府信用提升的基础路径

政府讲诚信,守信用,是服务型政府的内在要求和重要体现。而推进政府活动的法治化、深化政府活动的科学化、落实行政执法的为民化、加强政务活动的透明化,是提升政府信用的基础路径。     

交通质监廉政文化建设的探索与实践

文化是一个民族的精神和灵魂,是国家发展和民族振兴的强大力量.笔者联系杭州交通质监实际,开展了“以主题实践活动为载体,推进交通质监廉政文化建设”的专题调研,在回顾和总结的基础上,进行分析和提炼,就如何推进交通质监廉政文化建设进行了探索与实践.     

公交区域特许经营下的政府监管问题研究——以深圳为例

以深圳市公交特许经营改革为研究案例,就公交区域特许经营改革后政府监管将面临的区域特许经营模式的负面效应、特许经营企业间竞争模式的转变等新形势、新问题进行系统的分析论述,并就完善政府监管问题提出相应建议,可为公交区域经营提供参考。     

香港交通发展经验对重庆市交通发展的借鉴

香港公共交通发展成绩斐然,在公共交通体系、运营模式以及政府职能等三个方面均有成功的经验,这为目前重庆市克服公共交通发展中存在的不足、探讨适合自身的发展道路提供了借鉴。     

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在分析公共交通补贴原理的基础上,构建了公共交通补贴模型. 以北京市公共交通补贴为背景,研究了公共交通结构系数、分担率以及运营成本对公共交通财政补贴的影响．结果表明,合理分配各种公共交通方式的客流量,一方面使得政府公共交通补贴的额度在财政收入当中的比重不至于过大,确保了政府的公共交通低票价政策的可持续性;另一方面也满足了公共交通承担客流比例的要求．在公共交通运营成本不变和公交补贴占财政收入比例小于4％的情况下,北京市财政收入需保持年增长10.9％以上,才能满足2015年公交分担率达到45％时低票价政策的补贴需要.     

Financing urban transport projects in Europe

Transport demand in western Europe has risen steadily in recent years and the forecasts are that the unrestrained demand will continue to rise in the foreseeable future. This growth has put considerable pressure on the resources available to finance infrastructure investments and to fund what are seen as socially important social services. The recent developments in eastern Europe and the anticipated growth of the post-Communist states will put further strains on the fiscal ability of authorities in these countries to fund transport investments and operations. The outcome has been revisions in the way transport projects are funded. This paper, taking a very broad view of what constitutes a transport project, examines the specific nature of urban transport financing in Europe.     

Application of path analysis methodology to transit system maintenance performance

This paper develops a conceptual framework for bus maintenance based on path analysis and applies it to forty-eight bus transit systems. The application determines the total, direct, and indirect effects of the variables identified as having significant causal links with maintenance cost per mile. These variables are identified using the stepwise regression method. The findings are that the wage rate and fleet size increase maintenance cost directly and indirectly. In terms of the standardized regression coefficients, fleet size has been found to be the most important factor affecting maintenance cost per mile, followed by the proportion of articulated buses, the wage rate and local subsidy in that order. The proportion of articulated buses has been found to reduce maintenance cost per mile directly and to increase it indirectly. The indirect path coefficient of the proportion of articulated buses is 0.1794 whereas the direct path coefficient is –0.351. Similarly local subsidy as a proportion of revenue increases maintenance cost per mile directly and reduces it indirectly. The corresponding path coefficients for the direct and indirect effects of local subsidy are 0.2553 and –0.1073. In addition population density and the peak-base ratio are positively and significantly associated with miles between roadcalls. The implications of these findings are briefly examined in this paper. Because the path analysis methodology allows the direct and indirect effects of a causal variable to be determined, it is recommended for policy analysis.     

政府创租行为研究

本把我国经济体制转型期租金的来源分为政府无意创组、政府被动创租和政府主动创租三类，分别探讨了它们的微观机制，并且指出，如果在市场机制与政府干预的主从关系上，不是干预服务于市场，而是市场从属于干预，那么政府创租将不可避免。只有使干预服务于市场，才能减少政府创租，从而也才能有效地抑制寻租活动。     

基于内部控制的政府投资项目投资控制研究

政府投资项目由于其公益性、产权不确定性等复杂特点,导致了政府投资项目投资控制的复杂性。建立有效的政府投资项目的投资控制机制,对当前我国政府投资项目建设有重要的指导意义。从内部控制的角度,分析了政府投资项目投资失控的原因,并提出了相应的改善措施:完善政府投资项目法人治理结构;建立政府投资项目法人有效的激励和约束机制;强化项目法人对财务报告准确性的责任并向社会公众披露财务报告;加强政府投资项目的内部审计。