对我国道路运输行业管理方针的探讨

面对我国道路运输业存在的诸多问题,指出了加强行业管理的重要性,并对道路运输业的经济本质进行了理论分析。尽管世界各国的道路运输行业都不具备自然垄断的形态,但文章仍然在我国首次提出了道路运输业属公用事业范畴的观点,这在一定程度上给出了我国道路运输业管制与放开争议的解决思路。根据我国道路运输行业所处的发展阶段和发展环境,提出了政府对道路运输行业的管理不仅不应消弱,相反应该大大加强的观点。对于竞争不完全的市场,政府的管制是至为必要的;仅强调开放运输市场只会增加竞争的无序和资源的浪费。文章认为今后相当时期对道路运输行业应实施适度管制的管理方针,而管制的重点在于运输市场的准入。     

电子政务与办公自动化初探

论述了信息化对人们工作的影响，电子政务与办公自动化的关系。     

基于博弈论的政府支持第三方物流产业发展条件与对策研究

我国需要大力发展第三方物流产业,如何在尊重市场规律的同时,发挥政府的支持作用是需要研究的问题。运用博弈理论和方法,建立物流企业(产业)与非物流企业(产业)、物流企业(产业)与政府之间的动态博弈模型。分析结果表明:物流企业(产业)发展初期需要政府支持,否则难以坚持经营;政府作为公共管理机构,也会考虑支持物流产业的成本与收益,当物流产业发展间接增加了政府的税收,它又大于政府直接给予物流企业(产业)的税收优惠或财政补贴,政府会选择支持物流产业发展。可以推测,由于物流产业发展能增加政府的长期收益,即使在物流产业发展初期政府的支出大于其收入,政府亦应支持物流产业的发展。最后,提出政府支持物流产业发展的对策建议。     

网络技术：政府能力提升的有效工具

政府能力体现为政府作用于社会的有效程度。科学技术的发展对于提升政府能力具有重要的促进重要。网络技术的发展为政府能力提升提供了一个有效工具，它直接推动了各国政府网络化、信息化的改造。本通过网络技术在政府组织、公共决策、政府行为、公务人员四个方面的具体应用来说明之，并提出我国政府网络化、信息化改造的政策建议。     

论政党模式与政府创新的限度——一种比较分析的视角

政党是现代政治的常见现象,不同的政党对政府创新的影响是不一样的。本文以政党与社会的关系作为分析的逻辑起点,按照“政党—社会→执政党类型→执政方式→政府创新的限度”的分析路径,比较两种不同类型政党对政府创新限度的影响：他们是“全能主义—国家化执政党—领导控制—技术式创新”模式和“政治市场—交易型执政党—开放竞争—政府企业化”模式,在此基础上进行一个尝试性的小结。     

When are subsidies to trans-European network projects justified?

The trans-European transport network (TEN-T) encompasses the major planned transport infrastructure in Europe, ranging from high speed rail to port infrastructure. Projects in this category are considered priority projects and receive European subsidies; but these have been insufficient to get these projects off the ground. This paper addresses two research questions. First, it sketches the basic economics of cross-boundary infrastructure projects: what pricing and investment policies can we expect, what is the role of through traffic and high fixed costs of infrastructure? Second, it examines briefly what lessons the EU could draw from the experience of other existing federal funding institutions like the US and Germany. These ideas are used to propose a new subsidy scheme for the TEN-T projects.     

The impact of a new rapid transit system on traffic on parallel highway facilities

This study analyzes data of traffic crossing San Francisco Bay and passing through the Berkeley Hills via Caldecott Tunnel to determine the effect of the opening in 1974 of the Bay Area Rapid Transit System (BART) transbay line. There was a sudden shift in trend lines in 1974; vehicle volumes dropped, transit patronage jumped, but total person trips in the short run followed roughly the trends of the previous eight years. Since 1974, the growth rate in person trips through the Berkeley Hills appears to have remained about the same, while transbay vehicle and transit traffic have increased at a more rapid rate. The increase in transit patronage is particularly noticeable between the morning and afternoon peaks and probably represents new trips by shoppers and sightseers. Whereas other factors, such as the increase in the price of gasoline between October 1973 and July 1974 may have contributed a little to the sudden change in the long‐range trends in 1974, it is believed that the major cause was the opening of the BART network to transbay travel.

     

Modelling greenhouse gas emissions from cars in Great Britain

This paper outlines the issues involved in the problem of global warming. The road transport sector's contributions to this problem are then detailed and various policy options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from private cars are discussed. The paper then describes a model which forecasts greenhouse gas emissions from cars. The effects of various policy options are then modelled and the results compared. Policies considered include: raising fuel prices in terms of the UK government's commitment to increase road fuel duties; subsidising public transport in terms of reduced public transport fares; and a tax differentiated by engine size.     

Marine Stingers: Review of an Under-Recognized Global Coastal Management Issue

Dangerous marine stingers (jellyfish) are an emotive issue in tropical Australia, where they are widely regarded as the number one marine health threat. However, numerous severe and fatal stings have been reported throughout the tropical and temperate seas of the world, indicating that marine stingers are a global health problem. Further, life-threatening jellyfish stings are more frequently reported globally now compared to earlier decades, possibly as a result of improved recognition and reporting, or increased spatial and/or temporal distribution or densities. As stinging incidents may also have significant financial implications (lost tourism revenues and liability settlements), and the treatment of envenomed patients comes at high cost to the taxpayer, this issue is also a management challenge. This article outlines suggested approaches, based largely on Australian experience, for dealing with this under-recognized global coastal management issue.     

美国政府对国有经济的监督和管理研究

从监管职责、监管权利、监管方式、监管办法等方面,阐述了美国政府对国有经济的监督和管理,为研究我国政府对国有企业的监督和管理提供借鉴。