谈车用发动机机油的合理使用

从车用发动机机油的功用入手 ,针对机油的选用、更换及使用注意事项等方面论述了车用发动机机油的合理使用。     

大侧偏角下侧偏松弛长度特性的研究

本文在稳态指数统一模型和一阶线性微分方程的基础上，研究了大侧偏角下动态过程中侧偏松弛长度的特性。侧偏松弛长度是由轮胎的侧向弹性决定的。在大侧偏角下，侧偏松弛长度不再是一个常数，而是随着侧向有效滑移率的改变而改变，而且它们之间呈现非线性特性。深入了解侧偏松弛长度的特性对研究轮胎动态特性和建立轮胎动态模型具有重要的作用。     

山岭重丘区公路选线探讨

山岭重丘区选线受地形、水文地质、路线交叉、公铁交叉等多种因素制约,线位的优劣是制约经济、合理、可行的重要因素。背景为山西省晋城市G207线过境段公路改线工程,结合项目选线过程中遇到的实际问题,提出本次选线的几点原则,通过不同线位的比较,最终确定较为合理、经济的线位,对类似工程项目具有一定的指导意义。     

A tyre slip-based integrated chassis control of front/rear traction distribution and four-wheel independent brake from moderate driving to limit handling

This paper presents a tyre slip-based integrated chassis control of front/rear traction distribution and four-wheel braking for enhanced performance from moderate driving to limit handling. The proposed algorithm adopted hierarchical structure: supervisor – desired motion tracking controller – optimisation-based control allocation. In the supervisor, by considering transient cornering characteristics, desired vehicle motion is calculated. In the desired motion tracking controller, in order to track desired vehicle motion, virtual control input is determined in the manner of sliding mode control. In the control allocation, virtual control input is allocated to minimise cost function. The cost function consists of two major parts. First part is a slip-based tyre friction utilisation quantification, which does not need a tyre force estimation. Second part is an allocation guideline, which guides optimally allocated inputs to predefined solution. The proposed algorithm has been investigated via simulation from moderate driving to limit handling scenario. Compared to Base and direct yaw moment control system, the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce tyre dissipation energy in the moderate driving situation. Moreover, the proposed algorithm enhances limit handling performance compared to Base and direct yaw moment control system. In addition to comparison with Base and direct yaw moment control, comparison the proposed algorithm with the control algorithm based on the known tyre force information has been conducted. The results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is similar with that of the control algorithm with the known tyre force information.     

参数化集装箱正面吊运机力矩限制方法的研究

通过对集装箱正面吊运机力矩限制数学模型的研究，提出一种新颖的参数化力矩限制方法。该方法不需关心繁杂的机器几何参数，可降低力矩限制控制系统对机械结构及有关参数的依赖程度，提高开发调试效率；可用于集装箱正面吊运机的力矩限制安全保护。     

城市道路平面交叉口优化设计方法与案例

近年来,由于城市路网本身的规划布局不合理或者一些限制因素造成的设计不完善,成为了城市道路交通拥堵的重要原因.同时,国内许多道路管理和设计部门更侧重于道路整体的把控而忽略了一些交叉节点的详细设计,这就造成了许多城市的新建道路存在交叉节点功能不完善、虽能通行却通行不畅或者通行期间存在着安全隐患,针对这类因前期设计缺陷而经成的畸形交叉口问题,提出了二次优化改造的建议和方法.     

长寿柔性基层沥青路面的极限应变

长寿柔性路面设计通常采用沥青层底极限拉应变和土基顶部极限压应变作为控制指标。现阶段极限应变指标参照室内试验结果确定，且数值相对固定。而现场路面结构层应变响应值受结构厚度、荷载、环境作用（温度及老化）等因素的影响，在服役过程中不断演化。以2条服役超过35年的柔性路面结构（屯门公路与吐露港公路）为基础，分析了不同服役阶段路面结构层在不同荷载、环境作用下的极限应变响应，探讨了柔性路面极限应变的大概范围。研究结果表明：在初始服役状态下，屯门公路高温状态下沥青层底的极限拉应变为376×10^-6，土基顶部极限压应变为562×10^-6；低温状态下上述极限应变分别降为87×10^-6，249×10^-6；吐露港公路高温状态下沥青层底、土基顶部极限应变分别为149×10^-6，324×10^-6，低温状态下上述应变分别降为50×10^-6，156×10^-6。在经过长期服役后，老化状态下2类路面沥青层底拉应变及土基顶部压应变均大幅降低。屯门公路在使用36年后，某些路段出现零星的疲劳破坏，而吐露港公路则没有发现疲劳破坏。极限应变计算结果表明，路面关键位置的应变受荷载、沥青层厚度、温度和沥青层老化状态等多因素的影响。因此，在进行长寿柔性基层路面设计中，荷载、沥青层厚度、温度及沥青层老化状态等因素都应该考虑在内。     

预应力蒙皮对客车结构强度的影响分析

通过对某客车结构建立有限元模型,运用有限元法,分析侧围蒙皮添加预应力和不添加预应力两种情况对客车结构强度的影响,为客车生产企业确定侧围蒙皮张拉工艺提供参考。     

Limit braking of a high-performance motorcycle

A mathematical-model-based study of the limit braking of a high-performance motorcycle and rider is described. Front and rear brakes are operable independently. A dry road and high friction are presumed, such that full braking of the front wheel would lead to an overturn or ‘stoppie’ in colloquial parlance. Effective braking needs to maintain some loading on the rear wheel. A planar but otherwise detailed system model is set up and braking strategies for front and rear are devised. Parameters of the braking control schemes are derived with the help of an optimisation process, minimising the final speed in braking from high speed over a fixed time interval. Simulation results are examined critically and the strategy is developed until efficient use of the friction available is made. The nature of optimal braking events is demonstrated. The influences of slipper-clutch torque setting and the rear-tyre target load chosen are shown.     

滑动标准差在轨道几何区段状态评价中的应用

轨道质量指数TQI为左高低、右高低、左轨向、右轨向、轨距、水平、三角坑各单项标准差的和。各单项项目的标准差直接体现了此项几何不平顺的输入能量,表现为此项几何不平顺的离散程度,当它的值越大时,表明轨道状态较差,对车辆的激励能量大。针对目前分段标准差计算方式不能完全反映轨道质量状态最差的区段、评判结果存在离散性等缺点,提出利用滑动标准差计算方式对轨道区段状态进行评价的方法。通过研究确定合适的计算长度200 m和移动步长20 m,并利用京沪线9~10月份检测数据进行试用,结果表明:滑动标准差不仅能够找到轨道质量状态最差的区段,还能找出更多超出管理值标准的区段,且在识别不良区段的起止位置(长度)和评判结果一致性方面,也明显好于目前的分段标准差计算方式。