哇加滩黄河特大桥承台大体积混凝土施工温度控制

青海省哇加滩黄河特大桥主桥为(104+116+560+116+104)m钢-混叠合梁斜拉桥,承台长42m、宽25.5m、高6m,为大体积混凝土结构;桥址区气温垂直分布,日夜温差较大。为避免该桥承台表面出现大面积的温度裂缝,对承台大体积混凝土施工进行温度控制。针对桥址气候特点、承台的特殊位置等因素,从原材料、混凝土配合比等方面控制混凝土入模温度和水化热总量;采用有限元软件建立承台1/4模型,根据计算结果合理布置冷却水管、制定保温方案等;通过在混凝土内布设温度传感器,对施工过程进行温度监控,并根据温度数据及时调整保温和水化热排出措施、调整混凝土内外温差。采取以上措施,承台施工完成时,未发现大面积的温度裂缝,且混凝土的温度峰值和内外温差均在规范允许值之内。     

山岭隧道涌水量预测方法分类及相关因素分析

准确预测隧道涌水量能有效减少隧道病害,保护生态环境,科学指导隧道的设计与施工,而如何正确选择和应用预测方法,是准确预测的前提条件。通过广泛调研,在总结分析各类涌水量预测方法的原理和适用范围基础上,以六盘山隧道某断面为例,深入探讨了围岩渗透系数、洞室尺寸、地下水位净高变化、注浆圈厚度、注浆水平和衬砌抗渗等级等因素对隧道涌水量的影响,重点指出各类解析方法的局限性和适用条件,突出了注浆水平在实际工程中的作用,并建议山岭公路隧道衬砌抗渗等级不宜小于S8。     

受地铁工程影响建筑物安全风险等级评定研究

受地铁工程影响的周边建(构)筑物,其安全风险影响因素多,使得定量分析安全风险分析十分困难。从工程应用角度出发,结合多年风险评估经验,提出一种较合理的安全风险等级评估方法。该方法对建筑物的安全风险等级各影响因素进行了剖析,制定了相应的评判准则,利用模糊层次分析法,对受影响建筑物安全风险等级进行半定量分析。工程实例验证结果,可确定基坑/隧道工程本体的风险等级及建筑物自身的风险等级大小,确保了受地铁工程影响的周边建筑物的安全。     

中面层抗高温车辙性能研究

随着交通荷载的不断增加,沥青路面中面层已经成为主要的承载结构层,同时它也是出现车辙比较严重的结构层。为了满足路面结构的竖向受压,并且起到好的粘结层的作用,同时要求其具有很强的高温抗变形能力,故该层宜采用抗车辙的高模量的改性沥青混合料。     

道路危险等级评定及排查治理效果评价体系研究

在当前全国各地积极开展对道路危险路段、事故多发点段进行排查、治理的背景下,提出要对筛选出的道路危险源进行等级评定,科学排序后分期分批治理,并对治理效果进行综合评价的理念,可为在我国建立道路危险路段、事故多发点段排查与治理效果评估体系提供参考。     

Transport energy consumption in mountainous roads. A comparative case study for internal combustion engines and electric vehicles in Andorra

This paper analyses transport energy consumption of conventional and electric vehicles in mountainous roads. A standard round trip in Andorra has been modelled in order to characterise vehicle dynamics in hilly regions. Two conventional diesel vehicles and their electric-equivalent models have been simulated and their performances have been compared. Six scenarios have been simulated to study the effects of factors such as orography, traffic congestion and driving style. The European fuel consumption and emissions test and Artemis urban driving cycles, representative of European driving cycles, have also been included in the comparative analysis. The results show that road grade has a major impact on fuel economy, although it affects consumption in different levels depending on the technology analysed. Electric vehicles are less affected by this factor as opposed to conventional vehicles, increasing the potential energy savings in a hypothetical electrification of the car fleet. However, electric vehicle range in mountainous terrains is lower compared to that estimated by manufacturers, a fact that could adversely affect a massive adoption of electric cars in the short term.     

软基处理水泥深层搅拌桩施工控制

水泥深层搅拌桩是进行软基处理的一种有效形式.严格管理水泥深层搅拌桩施工中试桩、施工准备、施工工艺流程、设计参数及要求、施工控制、质量检验等控制环节,对于确保工程质量及安全具有重要作用.     

双滚筒连续式搅拌设备在沥青热再生中的应用分析

本文简述了双滚筒连续强制式沥青混凝土拌和机的结构特点,并进一步分析了其在沥青路面再生中技术性能,以期对施工单位有一定的借鉴作用。     

Ⅱ级粉煤灰对海工高性能混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能的影响

粉煤灰具有改善混凝土性能的作用,并在工程中获得大量应用。针对工程中常用Ⅱ级粉煤灰配制海工高性能混凝土的情况,采用2种不同电厂的Ⅱ级粉煤灰,研究了它们所配制的高性能混凝土的抗压强度和抗氯离子侵蚀性能。研究结果表明,Ⅱ级粉煤灰可以显著提高混凝土的抗氯离子侵蚀性能,Ⅱ级粉煤灰海工高性能混凝土的抗氯离子侵蚀性能和抗压强度与其玻璃体含量、化学组成以及钙硅摩尔比密切相关。     

A dense water outflow from the Ross Sea, Antarctica: Mixing and the contribution of tides

We use hydrographic, current, and microstructure measurements, and tide-forced ocean models, to estimate benthic and interfacial mixing impacting the evolution of a bottom-trapped outflow of dense shelf water from the Drygalski Trough in the northwestern Ross Sea. During summer 2003 an energetic outflow was observed from the outer shelf ( 500 m isobath) to the  1600 m isobath on the continental slope. Outflow thickness was as great as  200 m, and mean speeds were  0.6 m s^− 1 relative to background currents exceeding  1 m s^− 1 that were primarily tidal in origin. No outflow was detected on the slope in winter 2004, although a thin layer of dense shelf water was present on the outer shelf. When the outflow was well-developed, the estimated benthic stress was of order one Pascal and the bulk Froude number over the upper slope exceeded one. Diapycnal scalar diffusivity (K_z) values in the transition region at the top of the outflow, estimated from Thorpe-scale analysis of potential density and measurements of microscale temperature gradient from sensors attached to the CTD rosette, were of order 10^− 3−10^− 2 m² s^− 1. For two cases where the upper outflow boundary was particularly sharply defined, entrainment rate w_e was estimated from K_z and bulk outflow parameters to be  10^− 3 m s^− 1 ( 100 m day^− 1). A tide-forced, three-dimensional primitive equation ocean model with Mellor-Yamada level 2.5 turbulence closure scheme for diapycnal mixing yields results consistent with a significant tidal role in mixing associated with benthic stress and shear within the stratified ocean interior.