Sea state estimation based on vessel motion responses: Improved smoothness and robustness using Bézier surface and L1 optimization

Floating structures oscillate in waves, where these wave-induced motions may be critical for various marine operations. An important consideration is thereby given to the sea states at the planning and operating stages for an offshore project. The most important information extracted from a sea state is the directional wave spectrum, indicating wave direction, significant wave height, and wave spectrum peak period. Among several available methods of measuring and estimating the directional wave spectrum, the wave buoy analogy technique based on vessel motion responses is an in situ and almost real-time solution without extra costs of devices. If the forms of the wave spectra are not predefined in the estimation, the method is called a nonparametric approach. Its most remarkable advantage is the flexible form, but the smoothness should be regulated. After the discrete Fourier transform has been applied to the measured vessel motions, smoothing is necessary. However, this process results in disturbed vessel cross-spectra and a lowpass characteristic of the windowing function. This paper presents a nonparametric approach for directional wave spectrum estimation based on vessel motion responses. It introduces novel smoothness constraints using Bézier surface and includes a more robust estimate using L1 optimization. Both techniques are applied to the wave buoy analogy for the first time. Numerical simulations are conducted to verify the proposed algorithm.     

钻孔法测试残余应力基础理论研究

论述了传统钻孔法测试残余应力中存在的不完善之处。并对中心有一圆孔(包括穿孔与盲孔)的钢板,在各种载荷工况下,根据实际应力场与直角应变花测试的实际情况,用弹塑性FEM算得各种工况下的结点应变值,用结点数值的变化来模拟直角应变花测得数据,并计算出大量的已知应力场的直角应变花的三个释放应变。通过逐步回归的数学处理方法,建立了钻孔测试法中,残余应力与测试应变之间的关系式。     

The Size Effects on Process Design of Micro Deep Drawing

This paper suggested to reformulate cylindrical deep drawing parameters with dimensionless form. A diagram, in which a feasible zone is drawn to bound both the maximal allowable tension and compression stress during the deep drawing process, was established. Since it is presented in a dimensionless form, it may be applied for both conventional and micro deep drawing. Cylindrical cup deep drawing was taken as an example to show the dimensionless process design method. In addition, the size effects should be taken into account. Two kinds of size effects on micro deep drawing were investigated, which can be explained by surface layer model and strain gradient model. Numerical simulations were carried out to compare the strain distribution with or without consideration of size effect.     

路基压实黄土坡面降雨冲蚀试验研究

系统地进行了压实黄土路基边坡的7大因素变化条件下降雨冲刷试验研究,得出西安和甘肃压实黄土边坡降雨冲蚀强度经验公式、坡面最大冲刷强度的临界坡度等系列结论,对压实黄土路基坡面防护设计具有积极的指导作用。     

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安全预警系统是向铁路企业安全监察部门提供辅助安全管理决策服务的管理信息系统。该系统依据现有铁路企业信息资源的基础，运用现代安全系统工程的理论和方法，对铁路安全监察部门所掌握的数据资料进行加工、处理，并分析预测铁路运输生产系统的安全状况与不利因素，从而在管理决策层次上实现铁路安全监察对铁路安全事故的超前预防与控制。笔者全面阐述了该系统的设计背景、设计思想，以及系统的信息平台和逻辑设计。结合太原铁路局实际运营系统，基于事故树分析理论，探讨了铁路安全预警系统的实现。     

事故树的模糊分析方法研究

以事故树作为系统模型，根据模糊集理论，将安全评价的评价等级进行了模糊量化描述，通过对基本事件进行模糊测定所获得的数据，建立了对运行系统进行动态安全评价的数学模型。     

连续箱梁跨中合龙段箱梁顶板纵向裂缝分析研究

针对某桥预应力混凝土连续箱梁中跨合龙段顶板出现的纵向裂缝,根据现场检查资料并采用空间有限元分析方法进行了研究。研究结果表明,产生混凝土顶板纵向裂缝的主要原因是设计上对箱梁温度梯度和车辆轮载作用考虑不足,导致箱梁顶板产生的混凝土横向正应力超过其抗拉标准强所致。     

基于改进BP算法神经网络的路况评价模型研究

通过利用在BP神经网络中增加反馈信号及偏差单元的网络模型,生成内部回归网络,对BP神经网络进行改进,据此得出改进的BP神经网络的具体步骤.在此基础上,结合陕西省高速公路沥青路面的实际情况建立了路况评价模型,并对该模型的具体应用做了研究.研究结果表明:网络的收敛速度很好,训练结果与实际路况结果相差很小,利用改进BP算法神经网络建立的路况评价模型不仅方便易用,而且精度很高.     

桥面铺装对箱梁梯度温度影响的研究

由于桥面铺装层的存在,可以有效地降低箱梁内的梯度温度,从而减小温差应力,但是新桥规只给出了单一桥面铺装层的温度基数取值,对于经常遇到的双层或多层桥面铺装并没有明确规定。通过一座双层桥面铺装的连续箱梁桥的计算与对比分析,提出了常见的双层桥面铺装的箱梁内温度梯度计算的实用方法,研究表明,对于有双层铺装层的箱梁桥,设计时考虑每层铺装层对箱梁梯度温度的影响更符合实际。     

基于可靠性的列车关键部件机会预防性维修优化模型研究

针对列车关键部件预防性维修存在欠维修或过维修问题,在传统预防性维修策略基础上,提出一种基于可靠性的列车关键部件机会预防性维修优化模型,该模型考虑部件可靠性对机会维修阈值的影响,通过偏最小二乘回归方法优化机会维修阈值,求解得出最佳预防性维修役龄和机会维修役龄,综合分析机会役龄因子和安全失效概率因子对维修策略的影响,从而达到优化总维修费用的目标。以某地铁公司B型车辆关键部件的记录数据为例,通过对建立的模型进行求解分析,表明采取该检修模式能有效减少固定维修次数、延长检修周期、降低总维修费用、提高列车正线运营率,从而为轨道交通关键部件修程修制的改进提供科学依据和实践参考。