城际公交效果评估及运营机制研究

随着我国都市圈、城市群的快速崛起,城际公交已成为交通服务社会、方便居民出行、促进区域经济协调发展的重要载体。本文阐述了城际公交的内涵、特征及其发展运营现状,并对其当前实施效果进行了评估。在此基础上,深入剖析了制约其发展的经营模式、管理体制以及法规制度等“瓶颈”问题,提出规范和促进城际公交发展的政策建议,以促进城际公交科学发展、安全发展、可持续发展。     

内河集装箱班轮优先过闸管理模式探讨

文章结合2013年最新出台的《广西壮族自治区船闸管理办法》,以及近期国家关于行政审批制度改革的相关精神和要求,对集装箱班轮优先过闸条款进行探索和研究,分析了集装箱班轮优先过闸面临的主要问题,提出了一套新的市场管理模式,即主要采取企业公开"承诺制",加上"定期、定港、定线、不定船"的管理模式,通过实施"宽进严管",以期在简政放权的同时,能够充分发挥市场作用,促进企业自律,推动内河集装箱班轮运输市场的健康发展。     

优化GM（1,1）模型在连续刚构桥施工监控中的应用

文章结合优化GM（1,1）模型用于罗天乐大桥施工监控的工程实例,介绍了优化GM（1,1）模型的原理、计算方法及计算过程,并根据实际监控经验提出了建议。罗天乐大桥的具体施工监控实践表明,优化GM（1,1）模有着较高的预测精度,能较好地应用于大跨度连续刚构桥的施工监控。     

Comparative analysis of household car,motorcycle and bicycle ownership between Osaka metropolitan area,Japan and Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia

The interactions among different types of vehicle ownership including car, motorcycle and bicycle are examined by developing simultaneous vehicle ownership models in this study. Large scale person trip survey data for Osaka metropolitan area, Japan and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia are used for empirical analysis. The results suggest that population density at residential area significantly and negatively affects car ownership for both areas, and that the effects are larger for Osaka metropolitan area than for Kuala Lumpur. Also, bicycle ownership becomes higher at higher population density area for Osaka area, while higher at lower population density area for Kuala Lumpur, which represents the different usage patterns of bicycle between the two areas.

多方式多类型交通分配模型(MMA)在收费型公路网中的应用研究

在对收费型公路运营模式进行研究的基础上,利用交通规划软件建立了基于广义费用的交通流量分配模型即多方式多类型交通分配模型,通过对模型参数的科学标定和网络的合理设置,得到各类车型在特定网络上的流量分配、路段饱和率以及通行费用,并对此模型的应用效果进行分析,最终为区域高速公路网规划、路段交通量预测提供依据。     

地面注汽管线表面散热损失影响因素分析

文中采用Fluent模拟与理论计算结合比较的方法,研究了不同因素对蒸汽管道散热损失的影响规律,并分析了理论计算模型的相对误差.发现增加注汽管线距地面高度,对其散热损失影响较弱;空气温度升高,注汽管道表面散热损失降低;风速和表面发射率对注汽管线表面热损失影响较大;数值模拟结果与理论计算数据相对误差较大.     

土工格室低路堤-刚性路面结构体系模型试验

提出将土工格室与填入其内的碎石填料组成的加筋基层置于路堤顶部,以构成一种新型的土工格室低路堤-刚性路面结构体系,并通过2组室内模型试验对该体系的受力变形特点进行研究。采用便携式路面弯沉仪测定了试验路堤中土工格室基层加入前后动态回弹模量的变化,并通过自行设计的一套可实现往复车载的小型模型车的驱动装置模拟作用于路面上的实际车辆荷载。试验结果表明:土工格室基层的加入可显著提高碎石基层的动态回弹模量值,减少直接承受车辆荷载车道的整体平均沉降;并能带动相邻板块下的土体协同工作,提高车辆荷载的扩散均化能力,减少相邻车道间的差异沉降。     

Interpreting employee telecommuting adoption: An economics perspective

Travel demand is derived from activities at the trip destination; therefore, media that have the potential to provide services previously only supported by transportation will have a chance to be chosen by passengers. The idea of telecommuting is considered the most promising substitute of work trips and thus a good strategy of transportation demand management. From a microeconomics perspective, demand for goods or services can be interpreted as a function of prices and generalized income. Therefore, telecommuting adoption is viewed as a trade-off among the prices of telecommuting itself, substitutes, and complements, as well as generalized income and situational constrains incurred by the employee. The underlying rationale is interpreted by elasticity analysis of aggregate telecommuting demand, based on an adoption model, with respect to various decision variable. The results indicate that the elasticity with respect to the price that the employee may incur in order to telecommute is the largest one, and the elasticity with respect to the living space at home is the second one. Additionally, all of the elasticities found in the group of employees currently commuting by private transportation are greater than the corresponding ones found in the group of transit riders. These findings are expected to have significant implications of transportation policies. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Flexible long range planning using low cost information

Contemporary transport planning requires a flexible modelling approach which can be used to monitor the implementation of a long term plan checking regularly its short term performance with easily available data; the original model is periodically updated using low cost information and this allows the evaluation of the changes to the plan which may be required. Such an approach requires models suited to regular updating and to the use of data from different sources. Models to update trip matrices from traffic counts have been available for some time; however, the estimation and/or updating of other model stages with low cost data has escaped analytical treatment. The paper discusses this idea and formulates the updating problem for an example involving a joint destination/mode choice model under various assumptions about the nature of the available data. Analytical solutions are proposed as well as some general conclusions.requests for offprints     

高铁枢纽建设与城市功能空间协同发展效率评价

随着我国高铁迅速发展,高铁建设如何与城市功能空间协同发展的问题引起广泛关注。为了评价高铁与城市协同发展的效率,本文从城市协同性、高铁枢纽建设、站城距离等角度,构建高铁枢纽建设与城市功能空间协同发展效率评价指标体系。并引入DEA模型进行分析计算其效率匹配度,为城市既有高铁站与城市协同发展程度提供依据。最后以京沪高铁为案例分析了24个车站与所在城市的协同关系效率值,结果表明,北京南站、上海虹桥站等高铁枢纽发展较好,常州北站、苏州北站、天津南站等较差,尤其是天津南站的通过能力、客流量等产出指标还需要进一步加强。