A note on the use of correlation coefficients for assessing goodness-of-fit in spatial interaction models

The use of correlation coefficients to evaluate the accuracy of spatial interaction models is inappropriate unless such models have been fitted using least squares techniques. In other cases the correlation involves an implicit intercept value and a regression coefficient that may significantly modify the interaction model's estimates. Researchers have not acknowledged the role of these two parameters when the correlation is used. A generalized root mean square error is proposed as an alternative indicator of accuracy that may be used with any model.     

The dynamic response of rail support

This research reviews principles behind the dynamic response of rail supports, and introduces a method of analysis to find the maximum response in a realistic setting. Assuming a time-dependent, moving mass with massive wheels is essential, because the ratio of the moving mass to the rail mass is significant. However, the dynamic response of the track is not affected by dynamic properties of the train other than its unsprung mass, because the natural frequencies of the train suspension and track are significantly different. A numerical method is developed to model the dynamic response based on these principles, and applied to the Korean urban transit. The dynamic response includes multiple peaks with a large amplitude range, creating noise while the wheel passes the support. The dynamic impact factor (DIF) for the rail support depends mainly on the stiffness and damping of the rail support. The DIF for the rail moment is below the code value, whether this value is based on numerical analysis or on-site measurements. However, our numerical analysis results in a DIF for support settlement that is greater than the code value, if the damping is less than 3%.     

Flexural gravity wave generation by initial disturbances in the presence of current

The effect of uniform current on the generation of flexural gravity waves resulting from initial disturbances at a point was analyzed in two dimensions. The problem was formulated as an initial boundary value problem under the assumptions of the linearized theory of water waves. By direct application of the Laplace transform and then the Fourier transform, explicit expressions for the velocity potential and free surface elevation were obtained in integral forms; these were evaluated asymptotically for large distances and times by the application of the method of the stationary phase to obtain the far field behavior of the surface elevations in specific cases. Simple numerical computations were performed to illustrate the effect of uniform current on the surface elevation, wavelength, phase velocity, and group velocity of the flexural gravity waves and on the far field behavior of the progressive waves in two different cases, namely, when there is an initial depression concentrated at the origin and an initial impulse concentrated at the origin.     

铁路大跨度连续梁拱组合桥结构参数研究

为了解结构设计参数对铁路大跨度连续梁-拱组合桥受力特性的影响,进而对今后同类桥梁设计提供引导作用,以兰渝线广元嘉陵江特大桥为工程背景,研究矢跨比、拱轴线形状、拱梁刚度比这3个设计参数对桥梁结构力学特性的影响。分析结果表明:矢跨比对拱肋轴力和拱脚、主梁中跨弯矩影响显著,取值在1/4~1/5时较为合理;1.6次抛物线、2.4次抛物线及圆弧线作为拱轴线时,拱脚截面弯矩过大,2次抛物线或悬链线作为此类桥型的拱轴线较为合理;拱梁刚度比对结构轴力影响较小,对拱肋弯矩影响较大,随拱梁刚度比的增大,拱肋分担的弯矩显著提高。     

提速车辆转向架橡胶球铰刚度分析

根据提速客车转向架橡胶球铰的结构特点，结合橡胶的本构模型及相关系数，利用ABAQUS软件对其径向刚度、轴向刚度、偏转刚度和扭转刚度进行了分析，并将计算结果和试验结果进行了比较。结果表明：计算结果和试验结果具有较好的一致性，利用有限元分析能指导橡胶球铰及同类产品的结构设计。     

由圆环板正交连接的双层变厚度带肋圆柱壳整体结构矩阵分析

利用圆环板与内、外圆柱壳正交连接的变形协调条件，把每跨双层壳作为整体，建立双层 圆柱壳段的平衡方程，并叠加环肋骨、中间支骨、纵筋的刚度。运用相关矩阵分析手段和相邻 壳段的连续条件，将壳段平衡方程组集成待定参数的总体方程。该方法可以准确求解双层圆 柱壳结构任何部位、构件的挠度和应力     

中小型站房网架屋盖支座弹性刚度取值研究

结合沪昆高铁平坝南站站房结构这一具体工程实例,进行中小型站房网架屋盖支座弹性刚度取值的研究。通过下部框架结构位移函数值,拟合出下部X轴支承结构Y方向的支座水平刚度公式。根据公式计算得到下部支承结构的水平刚度,建立网架结构简化计算模型,并与整体模型的工作性能进行对比分析。计算结果显示,网架单独简化模型与整体模型相比,网架杆件轴力大小、跨中节点竖向位移和网架支座反力的大小相差较小,能够满足实际工程精度要求。运用本文提出的支座弹性刚度计算方法对网架单独建模计算,具有与整体模型计算相当的精度。     

重力式码头墙身沉降位移 不均匀沉降缺陷防治

对重力式码头沉降位移的现象、原因和危害进行了分析,提出了预防措施,在鲅鱼圈港区四期工程54#～56#集装箱泊位实施后,取得了良好的效果。     

超大型集装箱船绑扎桥强度校核与结构优化

随着超大型集装箱船的发展,绑扎桥的结构设计越来越复杂。文章在21000TEU超大型集装箱船典型绑扎桥设计的基础上,利用ANSYS软件计算了绑扎桥结构的强度和刚度。通过研究不同浮态,装箱条件以及最大设计载荷条件下结构的总体应力和变形情况,分析了关键位置的应力集中现象。并用这些分析结果指导结构优化,为绑扎桥结构的分析及结构设计提供具指导意见。     

基于法国规范的重力式码头基础换填砂垫层振冲标准

对于换填砂垫层的振冲验收标准,国内项目的常规要求是标准贯入击数N≥15击,但缺少理论计算。针对该问题,通过分析和研究法国规范及其他相关资料,总结出基于法国规范的换填砂垫层振冲验收标准的计算方法。结合国外某大型重力式码头项目实例,计算得出适合的标准贯入击数N为22击。标准贯入击数与内摩擦角或极限应力的关系是计算的核心。对于大型重力式码头,船舶大型化以及新设备、新技术的出现,适当提高砂垫层振冲标准,有利于提高地基承载力、控制地基沉降。