城市轨道交通规划决策中的消去与选择转换法

在对消去与选择转换法(ELECTRE)的特点进行分析和研究的基础上,针对低劣度矩阵只反映比较方案个别指标劣势、方案排序过于复杂及主观参数难设定等问题,提出了能全面反映比较方案总体劣势的低劣度矩阵新定义;同时还提出了一种新的排序方法.     

MFD子区交通状态转移风险决策边界控制模型

根据交通流分布,决策区域路网交通状态转移风险是进行区域交通诱导与控制的重要基础.宏观基本图(Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram,MFD)无需复杂的路网OD数据,并可有效描述区域路网宏观特性,为解决这一问题提供了契机.因此以MFD特性为基础,考虑诱导与控制条件下驾驶人的路径决策对子区交通状态的影响,以路网最大完成率和最短总行程时间为约束,通过模糊风险管理,建立平衡MFD子区交通状态与成本的风险决策模型,并采用ALRS算法对模型进行求解.仿真结果表明,建立的交通状态风险决策模型可有效提高控制和诱导的效率,同时保证突发情况下交通控制的实时性和有效性.     

城市干线短交织区元胞自动机多级换道决策模型

为探索城市干线短交织区交通运行特性,基于高精度车辆轨迹数据,提出细化元胞尺寸与步长的交织区元胞自动机多级换道决策模型.划分上下游、交织影响区等多个分区,独立设置变量与规则进行建模;考虑车辆换道速度差、间距及换道安全风险,建立上下游换道模型,交织影响区多级换道决策模型;对未分区换道模型(I),分区STCA换道模型(II),分区多路合流换道模型(III),本文模型(IV)进行仿真验证.与实测数据相比,本文模型平均车道流量误差仅为 1.64%. 模型 I~IV 在交织影响区的平均速度误差分别为 98.35%、23.77%、16.46%、7.45%,换道次数误差分别为33.34%、97.75%、62.97%、11.85%.结果表明,本文模型能有效模拟短交织区复杂的换道行为及交通流特性.     

引入驾驶风格的熵权法多属性换道决策模型

为改善AHP换道模型需要主观赋权的问题,在分析换道决策机理及换道决策属性的基础上,提出引入驾驶风格的熵权法多属性换道决策模型.在不同空间占有率D 下对模型进行仿真,获得不同驾驶风格、多种车道分隔方式下的平均换道动机概率和平均换道成功概率. 分析发现,驾驶风格对平均换道动机概率和平均换道成功概率产生显著影响的空间占有率分别为(0.10, 0.85)和(0.30, 0.85),其中,激进驾驶风格的概率最大,保守的概率最小. 说明该模型能响应驾驶风格偏好的影响,熵权法在多车道元胞自动机换道决策模型中的适用性较强.     

灰色模型在建筑沉降预测中的改进与发展

灰色理论因其优良的灰色信息处理能力被广泛地应用于建筑沉降预测领域。但随着精度要求的提高,对灰色理论进行的改进从没间断过。从原始理论出发,结合近年来灰色预测模型发展的特点和存在的问题,总结了灰色模型在沉降预测中背景值、参数和控制量等方面的改进,分析认为下一步研究的重点将转向灰色模型方法改进,以及对灰色模型进行机理、权值组合方面的运用。     

Collision-avoidance under COLREGS for unmanned surface vehicles via deep reinforcement learning

ABSTRACT

Collision avoidance for unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) is significant for the fulfillment of autonomous navigation. Generally, classical collision-avoidance algorithms are proposed for relatively simple encounter situation, in this scenario only two USVs are stressed. Furthermore, to generate the rational manoeuvre operations, it is necessary that USVs should abide by International Regulations for Preventing Collision at Sea (COLREGS). However, COLREGS has not paid attention to rules for multi-USV collision-avoidance problem. Furthermore, those collision-avoidance rules in COLREGS have not been quantified for USVs. Following that, this paper utilizes deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm to resolve collision-avoidance for USVs even in complex encounter situations. Within our DRL algorithm, related COLREGS is quantified properly and integrated into the DRL model, and then encounter situation of USVs is formulated as environmental observation value, accordingly a set of decision making is reached by decision-making neural network, and the reward function is designed for updating network parameters iteratively. Consequently, collision avoidance for USVs can be achieved eventually. By employing our DRL algorithm, collision avoidance for USVs under generous complex scenarios are resolved with the aid of corresponding intelligent decision-making operations. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of our DRL algorithm.     

The economic speed of an oceangoing vessel in a dynamic setting

The optimal (economic) speed of oceangoing vessels has become of increased importance due to the combined effect of low freight rates and volatile bunker prices. We examine the problem for vessels operating in the spot market in a tramp mode. In the case of known freight rates between origin destination combinations, a dynamic programming formulation can be applied to determine both the optimal speed and the optimal voyage sequence. Analogous results are derived for random freight rates of known distributions. In the case of independent rates the economic speed depends on fuel price and the expected freight rate, but is independent of the revenue of the particular voyage. For freight rates that depend on a state of the market Markovian random variable, economic speed depends on the market state as well, with increased speed corresponding to good states of the market. The dynamic programming equations in our models differ from those of Markovian decision processes so we develop modifications of standard solution methods, and apply them to small examples.     

基于换道概率分布的多车道交织区元胞自动机模型

交织区是快速路系统的重要组成部分，由于车辆频繁换道、相互作用复杂，容易造成交通瓶颈。本文提取城市多车道交织区时间分辨率为0.1 s、空间分辨率为0.1 m·px-1 的高精度车辆轨迹，分析交织区及相邻路段的交通流和车辆行为特性，提出分区元胞自动机模型。在上游和下游换道模型中，建立基于速度差、车辆间距的换道动机规则、间距规则及Logistic换道概率规则。对于交织影响区，建立考虑速度、间距及路径转换需求的换道动机规则，根据安全风险构建换道时机的多步决策规则，提出基于换道频率Gaussian分布模型的换道概率规则，并对主要参数进行灵敏度仿真测试分析，模型具备评估交织区不同换道状态的实际应用潜力。仿真与实测显示，本文 模型流量、速度、密度及换道分布等特性与实际相符，能有效反映车辆在不同位置的换道需求与强度差异性，刻画多车道交织区复杂的换道行为。     

A new rule-based integrated decision making approach to container transshipment terminal selection

The choice of the port or terminal to perform transshipment operations is a critical decision for container transportation companies (i.e. shipping line companies). This choice is not only affected by transshipment costs but also by the location, infrastructure, equipment, and technologies of the alternative terminals. In this study, a rule-based integrated multi-criteria group decision making approach is proposed in order to support such complex decision processes which involve substantial uncertainties and subjectivities. The proposed approach involves simple mathematics and provides a flexible modeling approach close to human reasoning that is able to consider uncertain information and relationships of arbitrary complexity. To prioritize the sub-criteria affecting the choice of the most appropriate terminal and to assess alternatives with respect to these sub-criteria, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) based on absolute measurement is used. Then, to determine the most appropriate terminal, a Fuzzy Rule-Based System is developed, which adopts the scores of criteria (i.e. the total scores of sub-criteria) obtained by AHP as input. In order to demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed approach, an application is presented for the choice of the most appropriate container transshipment port in Turkey for a shipping line company.