使用聚合物对纯砂层进行渣土改良的试验研究

土压平衡盾构在不同的地层进行渣土改良的关键是选择合适的改良剂,纯砂层施工中最常用的改良剂就是膨润土泥浆,目前已开始尝试使用聚合物进行改良。本文选取3种典型的聚合物,研究聚合物溶液特性与聚合物浓度、搅拌时间和静置时间的关系,并选择合适的聚合物对粗砂试样进行塌落度试验、渗透试验和直剪试验的室内试验研究。研究结果表明,针对粗砂地层(含水率10%左右),0.3%的PAM聚合物溶液注入率为20%~25%时,能有效增强粗砂的流动性和黏聚性,降低渗透系数和摩擦因数,满足土压平衡盾构施工要求。     

圆形隧道施工对不同深度地层沉降影响的模型试验研究

为了预测圆形隧道施工引起地表以下不同埋深地层沉降特征,首先,通过理论推导不同地层最大沉降位移与沉降槽宽度系数的函数关系;然后,建立包括试验台架、地层模型、圆形隧道开挖模型以及测量地层变形装置的平面应变模型试验系统。通过理论解析和模型试验可知:1)地表以下地层的最大沉降位移与沉降槽宽度系数成反比;2)不同深度地层的沉降位移随着地层埋深的增加而增大,且地表以下地层沉降槽曲线仍然符合正态分布;3)通过对模型试验数据进行回归分析,得到黏土地表以下不同深度地层沉降槽宽度系数的计算公式,从而为预测圆形隧道施工地表以下不同深度地层竖向位移提供了一种可靠的计算方法。     

极高地应力软岩隧道超前导洞应力释放及多层支护变形控制技术

为了解决极高地应力软岩隧道大变形控制难题,以兰渝铁路木寨岭隧道岭脊核心段施工为例,通过现场试验和数据分析,得到如下主要结论:1)提出了"先放后抗,抗放结合,锚固加强"的变形控制理念;2)得出了该隧道岭脊核心段"超前导洞应力释放+圆形4层支护结构+径向注浆+长锚杆+长锚索"综合变形控制方案;3)超前导洞应力释放效果明显,正洞累计变形减小幅度约为34%;4)得到了圆形多层支护结构变形规律;5)累计变形均控制在设计预留变形量内,保证了该隧道岭脊核心段大变形控制效果。     

Magneto-rheological suspensions for improving ground vehicle’s ride comfort,stability, and handling

ABSTRACT

A state-of-the-art discussion on the applications of magneto-rheological (MR) suspensions for improving ride comfort, handling, and stability in ground vehicles is discussed for both road and rail applications. A historical perspective on the discovery and engineering development of MR fluids is presented, followed by some of the common methods for modelling their non-Newtonian behaviour. The common modes of the MR fluids are discussed, along with the application of the fluid in valve mode for ground vehicles’ dampers (or shock absorbers). The applications span across nearly all road vehicles, including automobiles, trains, semi-trucks, motorcycles, and even bicycles. For each type of vehicle, the results of some of the past studies is presented briefly, with reference to the originating study. It is discussed that Past experimental and modelling studies have indicated that MR suspensions provide clear advantages for ground vehicles that far surpasses the performance of passive suspension. For rail vehicles, the primary advantage is in terms of increasing the speed at which the onset of hunting occurs, whereas for road vehicles – mainly automobiles – the performance improvements are in terms of a better balance between vehicle ride, handling, and stability. To further elaborate on this point, a single-suspension model is used to develop an index-based approach for studying the compromise that is offered by vehicle suspensions, using the H₂ optimisation approach. Evaluating three indices based on the sprung-mass acceleration, suspension rattlespace, and tyre deflection, it is clearly demonstrated that MR suspensions significantly improve road vehicle’s ride comfort, stability, and handling in comparison with passive suspensions. For rail vehicles, the simulation results indicate that using MR suspensions with an on-off switching control can increase the speed at which the on-set of hunting occurs by as much as 50% to more than 300%.     

监控量测在姚村坦隧道施工险情预报中的应用

以景(德镇)婺(源)黄(山)高速公路姚村坦连拱隧道施工中出现的险情为例,结合地表沉降、洞内净空收敛及拱顶下沉进行观测及现场观察,针对隧道出口段围岩失稳导致中导洞右侧工字钢严重内敛现象进行了动态预报,从而为及时采取有效措施排除险情争取了时间,避免了重大事故的发生,以此进一步说明了监控量测在隧道修建过程中的必要性。     

真空预压排水板有效真空压力变化规律

针对竖向排水板中有效真空压力分布模式存在的争议,基于流体力学相关理论对真空度和负压概念加以分析,指出排水板中孔隙水压力的变化量便是有效真空压力大小。通过计算排水板中孔隙水的总势能,并利用水具有趋向于更低能量状态的趋势原理,分析了孔隙水的运动机制及流动全过程,进而得到有效真空压力变化规律。研究表明,排水板中有效真空压力变化规律与初始地下水位、膜下真空度及排水板变形量紧密相关;有效真空压力的简化分布模式为折线形,转折点在与初始地下水位线交汇处;在地下水位线以上时,有效真空压力变化大,衰减梯度达10 k Pam;在地下水位线以下时,有效真空压力基本保持不变;排水板变形量越大,排水阻力越大,如果出现折管现象,可能导致膜下真空压力无法向下传递。     

防空装备战场抢修保障模型研究*

防空武器装备作战任务重、遭受打击强,给装备保障工作提出了较高的要求。在分析了其战场环境下受损规律的基础上,对防空武器装备战场抢修任务组织实施流程进行了研究,并运用Ex tendSim平台进行了仿真,对进一步开展防空武器装备战场抢修组织决策的研究具有一定的帮助。     

广州地铁2号线大面积软土地基处理监测分析

介绍了广州地铁2号线大面积软土地基处理施工工艺和施工监测.通过对软土地基处理施工监测数据分析结果表明:①新采用的软土地基处理手段合理,软土地基加固处理效果明显;②软土地基处理监测能及时发现问题采取措施,保障了软土地基处理工程的顺利进行;③土体水平位移测斜是判断土体及边坡稳定与否的重要指标;④要使水平位移率和水平位移实测值控制在设计允许范围内,以保证软土地基处理工程安全有序.     

地铁车站大断面风道施工对地面建筑物的影响及控制

在城市隧道穿越工程施工前,应制定详细的建筑物安全性控制程序,其中包括建筑物安全现状评估、隧道施工对建筑物影响预测及施工过程控制、工后评估及结构状态恢复等.北京地铁5号线天坛东门站西北风道大断面风道施工需要在松散不良地质条件下穿越天坛公园＂青山居＂仿古建筑及旅游服务部等建筑,施工难度大,施工风险极高.根据建筑物安全性控制的要求,对地铁隧道施工的影响进行了数值模拟预测及对比分析,阐述地层变形模式和相应的控制措施.另外,为严格控制地面沉降及建筑物安全,在对该工程特点和控制方案系统分析的基础上,提出采用树根桩隔断墙和洞内超前注浆、掌子面注浆及控制开挖、墙基下方地层注浆加固等综合技术,有效控制了地面沉降和建筑物沉降,保证了隧道施工顺利完成.     

Numerical modeling of ground response during diaphragm wall construction

Construction of diaphragm wall panels may cause considerable stress changes in heavily overconsolidated soil deposits and can induce substantial ground movement. The 3D Lagrangian method was adopted to model the mechanical response of ground, including horizontal normal stress and shear stress, lateral ground displacement and vertical ground surface settlement, during the slurry trenching and concreting of diaphragm wall panels. Numerical results show that slurry trenching leads to horizontal stress relief of ground, reducing the horizontal stress of the ground from initial K0 pressure to hydrostatic betonite pressure. Wet concrete pressure lies between the hydrostatic bentonite pressure and the initial K0 pressure, so it can compensate partially the horizontal stress loss of the ground adjacent to the trench and thus reduce the lateral movement of the trench face as well as the vertical settlement of the ground surface.