On nonlinear ship waves and wave resistance calculations

A finite difference method based on the Euler equations is developed for computing ship waves and wave resistances. Time marching is carried out using a time-splitting fractional-step method. The second-order central difference is used to discretize the spatial differentials, while the convection terms are discretized by the QUICK scheme. A body- and free-surface-fitted grid system with a cell-centered stencil is used. A Poisson equation for the pressure increment at each time step is solved to enforce mass conservation. The method is validated by comparing the numerical results with the experimental data for a Wigley parabolic hull. The characteristics of ship waves, such as the wave profile along the hull, the wave pattern on the free surface, the pressure distribution on the hull surface, and the wave-making resistance are reasonably predicted. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental data. Received for publication on Oct. 13, 1998; accepted on Jan. 20, 1999     

Effect of microbubbles on the structure of turbulence in a turbulent boundary layer

The time-averaged velocity and turbulence intensity distributions were measured by a laser Doppler velocimeter in a turbulent boundary layer filled with microbubbles. The void fraction distribution was also measured using a fiber-optic probe. The velocity decreased in the region below 100 wall units with an increase in bubble density. This led to a decrease in the velocity gradient at the wall, which was consistent with a decrease in shearing stress on the wall. The turbulence intensity in the buffer layer increased at a low microbubble density, and then began to decrease with an increasing microbubble density. Based on the present measurements, the mechanism of turbulence reduction by microbubbles is discussed and a model is proposed. Received for publication on Dec. 3, 1999; accepted on April 18, 2000     

文丘里型末端变风量阀弹簧设计探讨

文章提出了当量直径概念,根据量纲分析理论对绕圆球充动的绕流阻力公式进行了修改,从而得出文丘里型末端变风量瘩中阀芯绕流阻力与其所处位置的关系,在理论上提出了设计主等节距弹簧的方案,这对建立数学模型进行数值计算有着启发性的意义。     

由波形分析改进长江客货船船型

本文基于线性兴波理论,采用波形分析法,对长江中、上游典型客货船“东38”型进行实船改型研究。在与该型同一主尺度系数的条件下,运用船型可分法的设计思想设计出928船型,并安装了首球鼻以降低其波形阻力。提出了根据实测波幅谱概估球鼻最佳尺度以及球鼻重心纵向位置移动对波形阻力影响的方法。 新设计的球首长尾轴套船型——928-Ⅲ型,球鼻前端完全不突出首垂线外,船后体的推进轴设计成用两个大型长轴套作支撑。在同一设计航速(Fr=0.282) 下,它比“东38”型降低总阻力17.5％,兴波阻力37％,波形阻力32％;提高推进效率20％,节省功率22～27％左右。     

Hydrodynamic optimization of a catamaran hull with large bow and stern bulbs installed on the center plane of the catamaran

Here, a numerical optimization procedure is proposed for a fundamental study of a fast catamaran, and we compare the wave-making characteristics of a catamaran hull form with and without large bow and stern airship-type bulbs installed on the center plane of a catamaran operating at high speed. The method involves coupled ideas from two distinct research fields: numerical ship hydrodynamics and a nonlinear programming technique. The wave-making characteristics of catamaran hulls with and without bulbs were investigated using the panel method applied to free surface flow (PAFS), in which Morinos method for lifting bodies is extended to analyze the problem of free surface flow, and PAFS is linked to the optimization procedure of the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) technique. An optimum hull form for a catamaran can be obtained through a series of iterative computations, subject to some design constraints. Here, only the hull shape of a catamaran is optimized with and without center-plane bow and stern bulbs. The optimization is carried out at two Froude numbers, 0.45 and 0.5, which are around the last hump of the wave-making resistance curve. The numerical results show that a reduction in wave-making resistance is achieved around the design speed.     

基于ZigBee接触线接头状态在线监测的研究

结合ZigBee无线通讯技术研究对接触线接头连接处温度状态的在线监测。首先通过电接触理论分析接触线与线夹连接处接触电阻产生的原理和接触电阻的主要影响因素,计算在不同接触力作用下电流通过接触点处产生的压降得出了不同的接触温升,当电流一定时,接触温升随接触力的减小而增大,因此通过对接触部件温度的监测可以判断连接处线夹的松动情况。然后从软件和硬件方面设计了ZigBee无线监测系统。软件部分包括ZigBee网络中各节点软件的编写和上位机软件的编写,硬件部分在CC2530基本工作电路的基础上采用太阳能充电,RS232-USB转换等技术,设计具有良好人机界面的在线监测系统,并进行实验。     

高速动车组电磁兼容性设计研究

从设计的角度出发,结合多年的车辆设计经验,全面分析了高速动车组的电磁环境,并对高速动车组电磁兼容性设计进行了阐述.     

考虑定子电阻鲁棒性的永磁同步电机速度辨识方案

针对具有定子电阻不确定性的永磁同步电机模型,设计了一种具有定子电阻鲁棒性的自适应观测器,并结合Lyapunov方法推导出转子速度自适应辨识率,同时运用线性矩阵不等式（LMI）求解二次稳定性条件的方法来获得观测器的增益矩阵。仿真结果表明,该自适应观测器在全速范围内能很好地抑制定子电阻不确定性对速度辨识的影响,具有很强的鲁棒性。     

35kV环网电缆单相短路故障分析

介绍一起地铁供电系统电缆单相短路故障,通过对保护动作、短路电流、电流测量、接地系统的全面分析,逐一明确保护拒动、保护误动、短路电流突变等故障原因,使存在的问题得以及时解决。     

桥上纵连板式无砟轨道无缝线路力学性能分析

基于有限元法,考虑钢轨、无砟道床、滑动层、桥梁等结构的相互作用关系,建立桥上纵连板式无砟轨道无缝线路纵-横-垂向空间耦合模型,进行滑动层摩擦系数、扣件纵向阻力、无砟道床伸缩刚度等对桥上纵连板式无砟轨道无缝线路的受力和变形影响规律的研究.结果表明:滑动层减弱了桥梁、轨道间的相互作用,当滑动层摩擦系数为0.1～0.5时,无缝线路伸缩力仅为22.821～55.361 kN,远小于一般桥上无缝线路结构;滑动层摩擦系数越小越有利于轨道和桥梁结构的安全使用;底座板/轨道板的伸缩刚度减小会明显增大部分轨道和桥梁的受力,伸缩刚度折减至10％时,伸缩力会增大近6倍,因此应该注意控制底座板和轨道板的开裂现象;扣件的纵向阻力变化对轨道和桥梁结构的受力和变形几乎没有影响,但为了防止钢轨爬行或断缝值超限,扣件阻力不宜太小.