冻融循环对桩锚基坑桩间土影响的监测与分析

通过对某工程冻融循环阶段的现场监测,得到了基坑侧壁桩间的土温、气温、水平土应力以及基坑的变化情况,并将其绘制成曲线。结合气温—土温、水平土应力—土温曲线及现场的位移变化,分析了桩间土水平应力的变化规律。通过分析发现：基坑迎光面与背光面的桩间土应力是不同的,基坑北侧(迎光面)桩间土应力变化过程为2个阶段(稳定阶段和衰减阶段);基坑南侧桩间土应力变化过程为3个阶段(稳定阶段、剧变阶段和衰减阶段)。在此基础上,分析了桩间土各阶段应力变化的原因,对完善季节性冻土地区基坑支护的设计和施工有一定的实际意义。     

涡轮增压柴油机米勒循环分析及优化

米勒循环是降低柴油机NOx排放的有效措施.现建立涡轮增压柴油机米勒循环热力学分析模型.研究了几何压缩比、有效压缩比、空燃比、涡轮增压器效率等对发动机性能的影响规律.考虑到实际发动机的爆发压力和NOx排放限制,对发动机的性能进行了优化设计.研究结果表明,只有进行参数优化匹配且涡轮增压器效率较高时,采用米勒循环才能提高热效...     

关于图的符号圈点控制

引入了关于图的符号圈点控制概念,给出了图G的符号圈点控制数γsc（G）的一个下界,即证明了对于任意n阶图G,若其最小度δ=δ（G）≥2,则有γsc（G）≥2δ-n成立,并且此下界是最好可能的。此外,还确定了几类特殊图的符号圈点控制数。     

Comparison of coal-based dimethyl ether and diesel as vehicle fuels from well to wheel in China

With life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, a life cycle model of coal-based vehicle fuels (CBVFs) including coal-based dimethyl ether (CBDME) and coal-based diesel (CBD) is established. Their primary energy consumption (PEC) and global warming potential (GWP) from well to wheel including feedstock extraction, fuel production, fuel consumption in vehicle and energy transportation are calculated and compared. Results show that the life cycle PEC and GWP of CBD pathway are 1.17 and 1.34 times as CBDME pathway. Based on the above results, CBDME will become a choice with great potential to replace conventional petroleum-based diesel (CPBD) in China.     

Life cycle assessment for the ＂implicit＂ environmental impact of construction projects

The paper has established an assessment system and a quantitative calculation method of the "implicit" environmental impact including environmental impact indicator, resources consumption indicator and energy consumption indicator. The quantitative calculation of the environmental impact indicator is based on the life cycle assessment system and the evaluation software BEES. The paper identifies normalization reference values and weights for 12 categories of the environmental impact. It also analyzes the environmental impact indicator in life cycle stages, raw materials, transportation, manufacturing, utilization, and end of life. A university refectory project is studied. The result has shown that human health, global warming and acidification are the first three environmental impacts in 12 categories. The environmental impact indicator per m2 of this project is 18.448×10-2 standard human equivalent weight. Moreover, 97.3 % of the total environmental impact occurs at the raw material stage, in which the most severe environmental impact is cancerous health effect; the global warming is the main impact at the transportation and manufacturing stages; the indoor air quality impact is at the usage stage.     

隧道与地下水环境相互影响计算

深埋富水隧道在施工过程中会遇到较为严重的涌水问题,影响施工进度与质量,而隧道的建设亦会给隧址区地下水环境带来严重影响。定性分析对于解决隧道与地下水环境相互作用及影响这一问题是不够的,只有定量分析隧道涌水和地下水环境受隧道的影响,才能更有效地解决隧道与水环境相互作用的问题,从而在实现隧道建设目标的同时．使自然环境也得到可持续发展。     

盐渍土强度特性分析

通过对盐渍土室内基本性质及反复冻融循环条件下的试验分析,研究天然盐溃土在多次冻融循环时的强度变化特征,试验结果表明：经多次冻融循环,低液限粘土试样粘聚力自下而上呈线性减小;含砂低液限粘土试样在冻融循环过程中,试样粘聚力呈反S形分布,内摩擦角均呈S形分布;低液限各层粉土试样的粘聚力随着冻融循环次数的增加而逐渐减小,各土层内的摩擦角也随着冻融循环次数的增加而减小。     

隧道涌水对围岩特性影响分析

地下水渗涌是影响隧道施工及建成运营的一个重要因素,隧道涌水引起力学、物理和化学作用,并影响围岩水力学和变形特性。隧道涌水将导致强度降低、膨胀、变形,以至于围岩失稳破坏。以长大深埋特长隧道为例,在分析隧道涌水特性的基础上,结合室内试验与现场监测,系统分析隧道涌水对围岩特性的影响,包括强度、围岩变形、膨胀性等。结果表明,隧道涌水量越大、岩体越破碎,其对围岩特性的影响越显著。     

考虑财政补贴的电动公交车队置换优化模型

为解决公交车队置换问题,分析财政补贴政策对公交车队电动化的影响,本文考虑财政补贴、温室气体排放水平等因素,以公交车队生命周期成本最小为优化目标,建立公交车队置换的混合整数规划模型,使用CPLEX软件求解模型,获得最优精确解.以2017年北京市19路公交车队为算例进行计算,得出最优的车辆购置方案、充电桩购置方案、车辆淘汰...     

基于卫星遥感平台的浅层地下水推断模型

采用遥感—数学—模型相融合的方法建立浅层地下水推断模型。该模型克服以往勘察方法费用高、效率差、周期长的不足,从未知出发,由面到点,层次分明、衔接有序。经实地考察验证,模型精度较高,效率较快,具有一定实用性,不仅可以宏观、快速、高效地确定浅层地下水的分布和范围,而且可以降低费用,缩短周期,为进一步找水工程布置提供依据。