高速公路沥青路面养护规划探讨

结合广东开阳高速公路路面养护规划编制,对高速公路沥青路面养护规划进行了探讨,提出了养护规划和改造设计的三要素：养护规划、养护时机和养护路段的具体方法,并采用了全寿命周期成本方法分析养护规划的经济性。     

山区填方路基的地下水渗流防治

从工程实际入手,分析地下水的渗流给公路路面带来的危害和破坏;通过渗流力学计算,确定地下水渗流进入路基填方体内的距离;提出山区填方路基防治地下水渗流方法和途径.     

基于循环控制的点燃式LPG—甲醇发动机冷起动性能研究

针对进气道电控喷射点燃式LPG—甲醇发动机,基于循环控制方法研究了LPG与甲醇循环喷射量质量比、LPG迟后甲醇喷射时刻和环境温度对LPG—甲醇发动机冷起动性能的影响。试验结果表明,加大LPG与甲醇循环喷射量质量比,LPG—甲醇发动机冷起动可靠性提高;合理控制LPG迟后甲醇的喷射时刻可获得良好的LPG—甲醇发动机起动性能;环境温度降低,需加大LPG与甲醇循环喷射量质量比才可确保LPG—甲醇发动机可靠起动。     

Development of a representative urban driving cycle construction methodology for electric vehicles: A case study in Xi’an

This paper develops a systematic and practical construction methodology of a representative urban driving cycle for electric vehicles, taking Xi’an as a case study. The methodology tackles four major tasks: test route selection, vehicle operation data collection, data processing, and driving cycle construction. A qualitative and quantitative comprehensive analysis method is proposed based on a sampling survey and an analytic hierarchy process to design test routes. A hybrid method using a chase car and on-board measurement techniques is employed to collect data. For data processing, the principal component analysis algorithm is used to reduce the dimensions of motion characteristic parameters, and the K-means and support vector machine hybrid algorithm is used to classify the driving segments. The proposed driving cycle construction method is based on the Markov and Monte Carlo simulation method. In this study, relative error, performance value, and speed-acceleration probability distribution are used as decision criteria for selecting the most representative driving cycle. Finally, characteristic parameters, driving range, and energy consumption are compared under different driving cycles.     

油液监测技术在港口机械设备中的应用

为加强设备管理,延长港口设备使用寿命,进行设备润滑与磨损状态监测。介绍港口机械设备的工况和用油特点。介绍油液检测技术的概念、目的及其技术特点,并以实例说明。油液监测为设备维护保养与视情换油提供了重要的依据,同时有效节约了维修成本,延长了港口机械设备的使用寿命。     

二广高速公路跑石界隧道涌水量计算与分析

在隧道施工过程中,隧道区工程地质和水文地质条件如未能提前查明常常导致围岩失稳、隧道涌水和流土等问题。在这些问题中,隧道涌水较为常见并往往威胁施工人员的人身安全,同时也将影响施工进度且增高工程造价。以二广高速公路跑石界隧道为例,在前期专项水文地质勘察的基础上,通过几种不同的计算方法,对该隧道涌水量进行了计算。通过与实测涌水量的对比,指出各涌水量计算方法的优缺点,根据各方法的适用条件为该隧道的顺利实施提供技术支持。     

Carbon and energy footprints of electric delivery trucks: A hybrid multi-regional input-output life cycle assessment

Due to frequent stop-and-go operation and long idling periods when driving in congested urban areas, the electrification of commercial delivery trucks has become an interesting topic nationwide. In this study, environmental impacts of various alternative delivery trucks including battery electric, diesel, diesel-electric hybrid, and compressed natural gas trucks are analyzed. A novel life cycle assessment method, an environmentally-extended multi-region input-output analysis, is utilized to calculate energy and carbon footprints throughout the supply chain of alternative delivery trucks. The uncertainties due to fuel consumption or other key parameter variations in real life, data ranges are taken into consideration using a Monte Carlo simulation. Furthermore, variations in regional electricity mix greenhouse gas emission are also considered to present a region-specific assessment for each vehicle type. According to the analysis results, although the battery electric delivery trucks have zero tailpipe emission, electric trucks are not expected to have lower environmental impacts compared to other alternatives. On average, the electric trucks have slightly more greenhouse emissions and energy consumption than those of other trucks. The regional analysis also indicates that the percentage of cleaner power sources in the electricity mix plays an important role in the life cycle greenhouse gas emission impacts of electric trucks.     

实时嵌入式系统中常用定时器算法比较

介绍嵌入式系统中几种常用定时器算法及其适用环境。对简单队列算法、队列排序算法、单循环算法、交叉链表算法进行分析、比较，得出4种算法各有优缺点，适合于不同定时器的结论。     

Risk and reward in public transportation contracting

The workshop discusses and documents a number of countries’ experiences regarding risk and reward in the delivery of public transport and determines the way in which competitive pressures actually work (or not) to deliver efficient and effective services. Papers are grouped into three main themes, i.e., public versus private management; negotiated versus competitively tendered contracts; and measures to improve performance. This chapter begins with a brief overview of each of the eight papers. This is followed by a section that out the discussions that emanated from the papers. Finally, the main policy and research recommendations are presented.     

Development of two driving cycles for utility vehicles

Driving cycles are used to assess vehicle fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. The premise in this article is that suburban road-work vehicles and airport vehicles operate under particular conditions that are not taken into account by conventional driving cycles. Thus, experimental data were acquired from two pickup trucks representing both vehicle fleets that were equipped with a data logger. Based on experimental data, the suburban road-work vehicle showed a mixed driving behavior of high and low speed with occasional long periods of idling. In the airport environment, however, the driving conditions were restricted to airport grounds but were characterized by many accelerations and few high speeds. Based on these measurements, microtrips were defined and two driving cycles proposed. Fuel consumption and pollutant emissions were then measured for both cycles and compared to the FTP-75 and HWFCT cycles, which revealed a major difference: at least a 31% increase in fuel consumption over FTP-75. This increased fuel consumption translates into higher pollutant emissions. When CO₂ equivalent emissions are taken into account, the proposed cycles show an increase of at least 31% over FTP-75 and illustrate the importance of quantifying fleet speed patterns to assess CO₂ equivalent emissions so that the fleet manager can determine potential gains in energy or increased pollutant emissions.