干湿循环作用下高液限黏土抗剪强度试验研究

高液限粘土是一种不良土质,在我国南方多雨地区非常常见,采用高液限粘土填筑库区路基是公路建设过程中常见的技术问题之一。以不同次数的增湿和烘干过程模拟干湿循环条件,并对这种模拟下的高液限黏土在自主研发的大型直剪仪上不同垂直压力下进行直剪试验,得到0～5次干湿循环条件下高液限粘土的强度参数值,分析出在5次干湿循环后粘聚力和内摩擦角各自衰减54％和26％基本趋于稳定。     

轨道车辆RAMS工程技术体系研究

从国内外轨道交通发展行业趋势及轨道交通企业发展需求出发,阐述了建设RAMS工程技术体系的必要性,结合轨道交通车辆特点,在对全寿命周期各阶段RAMS工作项目研究的基础上,从RAMS管理、RAMS设计分析、RAMS信息和验证确认4个方面创建轨道车辆RAMS工程技术体系,并在产品项目中进行了应用,取得了良好的效果.该RAMS工程技术体系的研究和建设,对RAMS工程技术的发展和在轨道车辆产品中的应用具有推动性作用,对轨道交通车辆产品可靠性的提高具有重要的现实意义.     

完全二部有向图的拟C→2k-因子分解

文章利用直接构造法,得到对称的完全二部有向图Km,n＊存在C→2k-因子分解的充分必要条件和对称的完全二部有向图Km,n＊存在拟C→2k-因子分解的充分必要条件,具有一定的理论价值。     

Development of Malaysian urban drive cycle using vehicle and engine parameters

Vehicles travelling in actual urban areas are mostly in idle, low or medium speeds, which reflects engine part-load condition. These regularly visited engine conditions, in reality affect the fuel economy during actual driving. Thus, understanding the characteristics of the actual driving conditions will enable many other benefits besides legislation. This paper presents the development of a preliminary Malaysian urban drive cycle with the inclusion of the engine parameters and characteristics, acquired through an actual urban driving on numerous urban roads in Malaysia that represents the actual consumer’s daily driving experience. The actual engine parameters and its characteristics are integrated into the assessment measures in an attempt to formulate representable drive cycle and fuel consumption data. The initial drive cycle is composed of 17 sequences selected from the actual on-the-road conditions to represent the Malaysian urban driving. The average fuel economy of the established Malaysian urban drive cycle was then measured on a test bench using the same engine from the vehicle. The recorded fuel economy with Malaysian urban drive cycle is 8.5% below the actual Malaysian urban driving which is closer estimation to the actual driving compared to the current in-practice NEDC which shows to be 43.1% below the actual Malaysian urban driving. Thus, Malaysian urban drive cycle is better in representing the Malaysian urban driving conditions compared to the NEDC in terms of the average fuel economy measurements.     

A carbon footprint analysis of railway sleepers in the United Kingdom

This paper provides an assessment of the lifecycle Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions associated with the four most common sleeper (railroad tie or cross-tie in North America) types present in the UK rail network. It estimates the embodied material, process and transport emissions linked with the lifecycle activities of construction, relay/renewal and end-of-life of these variants at low and high traffic tonnage. The analysis suggests that at low traffic loads, the softwood sleepers perform the best over the whole simulated-period. At high traffic loads, the concrete sleepers outperform all other variants in terms of lifecycle CO₂e emissions, followed by hardwood, softwood and steel. Regardless of the scenario examined, the steel sleepers perform the worst due to the carbon intensive nature of their manufacturing process. This performance gap is amplified at high traffic loads, as their service life is excessively compromised. The analysis reveals that the end-of-life pathway of timber is a critical determinant of its footprint. Results suggest that the impact of disposing of these sleepers results in their footprint being magnified. Nevertheless, if a minimum of 50% follows the combustion pathway with subsequent heat recuperation, then a GHG reduction potential of between 11% and 18% of their footprint is feasible. From a whole-lifecycle cost lens, for higher tonnage routes, the choice of concrete sleepers results in considerable financial savings. If the infrastructure manager was to install sleepers with stiff under sleeper pads (USPs), it may achieve additional economic and GHG savings, with potential for increasing the latter using recycled carbon-neutral USPs.     

Cost-benefit analysis of alternative vehicles in the Philippines using immediate and distant future scenarios

Alternative vehicle technologies promise a sustainable future by reducing carbon emissions and pollution. However, their widespread adoption tends to be slow due to high costs and uncertainties in benefits. Using a life cycle-based approach, this study calculates ownership savings and societal benefits for various alternative vehicle technologies against their baseline vehicle technology (e.g. gasoline or diesel). The assessment is performed from a developing country context – in the Philippines. Furthermore, immediate and distant future scenarios are modeled. The immediate future scenario assesses costs and benefits if the shift is to happen now, while the distant future scenario considers the effect of widespread autonomous driving and ridesharing. The results of the study echo the significant societal benefits from electric- and fuel cell-powered vehicles found in literature, but they are hindered by high ownership costs. In the immediate future, the diesel hybrid electric vehicle can potentially have both positive societal and operational costs for public transportation. For a gasoline-powered private passenger car, a simple shift to diesel, 20% biodiesel or 85% methanol can be beneficial. In the distant future, it is expected that autonomous, rideshared vehicles can potentially lure people away from driving their own vehicles, because of lower costs per passenger-kilometer while sustaining the privacy and comfort of a private car.     

地下水对边坡稳定性影响之评估与对策——以南回铁路沿线边坡为例

台湾位于欧亚板块与菲律宾海板块交界带,岩体破碎且地下水丰沛,暴雨期间易肇生坡地灾害。台湾南回铁路沿线多处隧道边坡具有浅岩覆与常渗水的现象,若坡地发生失稳将严重影响铁路营运安全。采用区域地下水经营观念,以水文地质模式分析、评估降雨和地下水对边坡稳定性的短期与长期影响,并透过情境模拟方式评估各种排水配置对隧道边坡稳定性的提升程度,并研拟优化的工程方案以降低致灾风险。     

siRNA抑制hTERT对脑胶质瘤T98G细胞增殖及周期的影响

目的研究人端粒酶逆转录酶被抑制后胶质瘤细胞系体外增殖及周期的变化,以期寻找控制胶质瘤细胞恶性行为的有效途径。方法人工合成小干扰RNA(siRNA)序列,并将其通过lip2000转入体外培养的T98G胶质瘤细胞系中,荧光显微镜观察转染效率,免疫印记检测蛋白表达情况,MTT法检测细胞体外增殖表现,绘制生长曲线图,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期的变化。结果成功转染siRNA,并有效抑制人端粒酶逆转录酶的活性,免疫印记验证干扰效果可靠,体外可抑制胶质瘤细胞的增殖,与对照组比较其抑制效率的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论体外条件下,可以通过siRNA有效抑制人端粒酶逆转录酶,从而有效抑制胶质瘤细胞的体外增殖,使胶质瘤细胞周期发生变化。这可能为胶质瘤的治疗带来新的启示。     

低掺聚丙烯纤维混凝土桥面铺装耐久性分析

针对寒区桥面铺装这一特殊领域要求,对不同掺入量的聚丙烯纤维混凝土进行冻融循环及冻融—氯盐共同作用下耐久性试验,研究低掺聚丙烯纤维对寒区桥面铺装混凝土性能的影响。试验结果表明低掺聚丙烯纤维桥面铺装混凝土可提高抗冻性能并抵御氯盐侵蚀能力,防止钢筋锈蚀,增强混凝土耐久性。     

尾型同源盒基因-2过表达对结肠癌细胞生物学性状的影响

目的观察尾型同源盒基因-2(CDX2)对结肠癌细胞生物学性状的影响,探讨CDX2基因在结肠癌发生发展中的作用。方法克隆人结肠CDX2基因,构建含CDX2的pEGFP-C1-CDX2表达载体,同时设pEGFP-C1空载体组及空白对照组。利用脂质体法将pEGFP-C1-CDX2和pEGFP-C1质粒分别转染Lovo细胞,应用Western blotting技术检测Lovo细胞中CDX2基因的表达;应用MTT法及流式细胞仪检测CDX2对Lovo细胞增殖、凋亡及周期的影响;应用ELISA法检测CDX2过表达对Lovo细胞基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)表达的影响。结果成功构建含CDX2真核表达载体。瞬时转染pEGFP-C1-CDX2的Lovo细胞48 h有较高水平的CDX2蛋白的表达;与pEGFP-C1空载体组及空白对照组比较,转染pEGFP-C1-CDX2组的Lovo细胞在转染72 h时生长未见明显抑制,G1期及S期所占比例无明显改变,凋亡率亦无明显增加(P均>0.05),但MMP-2分泌明显减少(P<0.05)。结论 CDX2过表达对Lovo细胞增殖、凋亡及周期无明显影响,但能够明显减弱Lovo细胞的侵袭力,从而对结肠癌浸润转移起抑制作用。