面向道路交通能耗排放测算的行驶周期开发

行驶周期是测算交通能耗和污染排放的重要参数。提出利用VSP分布来描述城市交通特性的方法,基于大量浮动车（FCD）数据对北京市快速路和非快速路交通特性进行深入分析,提出以VSP区间分布的加权均方根误差为指标,基于浮动车数据的行驶周期建立方法。然后分别针对城市快速路和非快速路,建立北京市机动车行驶周期。     

米勒循环对增压汽油机部分负荷影响的试验研究

基于一台3.0L排量的增压汽油机,通过更改凸轮型线和提高压缩比,研究了米勒循环对部分负荷泵气损失和燃油经济性的影响.试验结果表明:进气门晚关策略对米勒循环泵气损失的改善范围为平均有效压力低于0.6MPa,而平均有效压力高于0.6MPa时,需要将进气门关闭时刻接近进气下止点,提高充气效率来保证缸内足够的进气量;进气门晚关结合有效膨胀比的提高,两者共同改善了平均有效压力低于0.6 M Pa时的燃油经济性,而平均有效压力为0.6~0.8MPa时,燃油经济性的改善主要归功于有效膨胀比的提高,平均有效压力高于0.8MPa时,米勒循环的燃油经济性出现了恶化.     

siRNA抑制hTERT对脑胶质瘤T98G细胞增殖及周期的影响

目的研究人端粒酶逆转录酶被抑制后胶质瘤细胞系体外增殖及周期的变化,以期寻找控制胶质瘤细胞恶性行为的有效途径。方法人工合成小干扰RNA(siRNA)序列,并将其通过lip2000转入体外培养的T98G胶质瘤细胞系中,荧光显微镜观察转染效率,免疫印记检测蛋白表达情况,MTT法检测细胞体外增殖表现,绘制生长曲线图,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期的变化。结果成功转染siRNA,并有效抑制人端粒酶逆转录酶的活性,免疫印记验证干扰效果可靠,体外可抑制胶质瘤细胞的增殖,与对照组比较其抑制效率的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论体外条件下,可以通过siRNA有效抑制人端粒酶逆转录酶,从而有效抑制胶质瘤细胞的体外增殖,使胶质瘤细胞周期发生变化。这可能为胶质瘤的治疗带来新的启示。     

间冷循环涡轮气动方案

以间冷循环燃气轮机总体对动力涡轮的设计要求为目标,进行了间冷循环动力涡轮气动方案改型设计研究。计算采用成熟的轴流涡轮一维气动设计软件Concept NREC Axial,在一维气动损失模型的选用方面,通过对某型机性能复算进行了验证。方案改型计算在满足间冷循环燃机总体对动力涡轮的参数进行大规模调整的前提下,以尽量保留原型机的高可靠性为目标,并综合考虑了性能与改型难度的平衡,完成了多个方案的计算。结果表明,经过改型设计的涡轮可以基本满足间冷循环的要求。     

基于使用可用度的舰船电子信息系统R MS 参数权衡方法*

舰船电子信息系统是舰船武器装备重要组成,针对研制阶段其可靠性、维修性、保障性参数（RM S参数）的综合权衡问题,以使用可用度为约束,以实现寿命周期费用最低为目标,提出了基于使用可用度的RM S参数权衡方法,并给出了权衡方法中,基于RM S参数的使用可用度及寿命周期费用的计算模型。     

舰船装备综合保障工程顶层设计初步研究

高新技术的引入极大地提高了现代舰船武器装备的作战性能,但技术复杂程度的提高也带来保障性问题,制约了作战效能发挥和装备发展。本文根据我国舰船装备全寿期研制的特点,结合装备保障性发展的最新理论,初步开展了舰船装备保障性顶层设计研究;在对舰船装备保障性研究涉及到的基本概念进行界定后,从装备采办策略与工程方法2个角度提出适合我...     

A Model of Application System for Man-Machine-Environment System Engineering in Vessels Based on IDEF0

Applying man-machine-environment system engineering(MMESE)in vessels is a method to improve the effectiveness of the interaction between equipment, environment, and humans for the purpose of advancing operating efficiency, performance, safety, and habitability of a vessel and its subsystems. In the following research, the life cycle of vessels was divided into 9 phases, and 15 research subjects were also identified from among these phases. The 15 subjects were systemized, and then the man-machine-environmen...     

预舾装和单元模块制造研究

针对预舾装和单元模块制造在船舶建造过程中的作用做了简要分析,并根据船厂在预舾装和单元模块制造上的实际情况,提出了一些看法和建议。     

从短期测量数据来生成疲劳载荷的一种实用算法的开发

疲劳寿命预报需要知道在全设计寿命期内的疲劳载荷时间历程或载荷谱的信息。但是,在很多情况下,实际测量或模拟的载荷时间历程与设计寿命相比只包含很短的一段时间。如何将测量的数据外插到更长的时间段以及如何计数出每周的信息是疲劳分析中必须要解决的两个重要问题。文中的主要目的就是介绍一种将实测载荷外插的方法以及雨流计数法。这两种方法均被编成相应的计算程序。一条水面船的实测数据用作例子来演示计算过程。最后对如何采用这两种方法来构建疲劳设计载荷问题也提出了思路。     

The lurch towards formalisation: Lessons from the implementation of BRT in Johannesburg,South Africa

The City of Johannesburg, South Africa, implemented the first phase of its Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system named Rea Vaya between 2009 and 2011. The system design and organisational arrangements drew heavily on precedents from South America, especially insofar as BRT is used as an instrument for securing the transformation and formalisation of a fragmented and problematic informal public transport industry. Despite the inevitable transition problems, the formalisation scheme appears to be generally successful – an outcome that surprised many analysts as it follows a long history of mistrust, resistance, and unsuccessful interventions between government and the minibus taxi industry. The paper offers an analysis of the reasons for the successful transformation of participating taxi operators, by using a life-cycle analogy. We argue that the minibus-taxi industry in South Africa has reached a state of stasis and maturity, with limited opportunities for further growth in its present form. BRT, as it is implemented locally, offers opportunities for re-invention – for moving onto new a potential growth trajectory – by overcoming the binding constraints of informality and by opening up new markets to operators. The life-cycle analysis also offers some insights into critical success factors that, if not met in the long run, could jeopardise the longevity and scalability of the formalisation project. The paper concludes with insights regarding the planning and management of BRT systems to maximise their potential for leveraging the formalisation of informal operators, both in South Africa and in other developing countries.