一种智能化实时监测系统的研究

作者从构造一个智能化实时监测系统的关键技术入手,对系统的设计与实现作了探索性的介绍。     

Optimisation of full-toroidal continuously variable transmission in conjunction with fixed ratio mechanism using particle swarm optimisation

The aim of this research is the optimisation of full-toroidal continuously variable transmission (CVT) in conjunction with the fixed ratio (FR) mechanism, while the optimisation objective is to minimise fuel consumption (FC) of the vehicle in the new European driving cycle. After the dynamic analysis of the power train, a computer model is developed to simulate contact between CVT elements and consequently calculate its efficiency. Then an algorithm is presented to calculate FC of the vehicle in the driving cycle. Then, an optimisation using particle swarm optimisation on the CVT geometry and FR mechanism (which is embedded between CVT and final drive) is carried out to minimise FC. It is found that by utilisation of the optimised CVT; FC will be about 11% and 8% lower, compared with the application of a five-speed manual transmission and conventional CVT, respectively. Finally, effects of the roller tilt angle and oil temperature on the FC are investigated.     

基于负荷平衡的流水线生产节拍设计

提出了在有排序约束和无排序约束两种情况下的流水线节拍设计方案,能有效解决流水线负荷平衡问题.该设计方案通过优化选取工作节点和工作节拍、有效组合任务元素、降低工作节点间等待时间等有效措施,来提高设备利用率、实现流水线负荷的平衡,进而达到提高流水线生产产量的目的.     

长距离大直径盾构隧道洞内单车道段车辆调度模型研究

为研究盾构隧道洞内无轨运输具体的车辆调度方案,依托苏通GIL综合管廊工程(工程采用预制中间箱涵、现浇两侧箱涵的方式建成双层结构),根据本工程物料运输的特点,以重要物料优先考虑、减少车辆等待时间为原则,提出单车道段车辆调度方案,并针对方案中各车辆行驶和卸料用时之间的关系,建立运输车辆调度数学模型,对该车辆调度方案的可行性进行论证分析。通过模型分析可得出结论： 该车辆调度方案能满足工程中物料供应的要求,单环运输周期和单车道长度呈线性关系。并得出本工程设定工况下的运输间歇为0.48 h,最小掘进周期为1.52 h,单车道极限长度为1.16 km,掘进速度最大可提升32%。     

大埋深富水裂隙岩层土压平衡盾构填舱注浆施工技术

为解决穿越大埋深富水节理裂隙发育岩层的土压平衡盾构隧道施工过程中发生的开挖面涌水和地表沉降过大的问题,依托广佛环线沙堤隧道工程,对土压平衡盾构填舱注浆施工技术进行研究,并利用有限差分软件FLAC3D对填舱注浆技术进行数值模拟分析。研究结果表明： 1)土压平衡盾构穿越深埋富水裂隙岩层时,隧道洞周围岩变形较小,而地表沉降及建筑物变形对地下水流失较为敏感; 2)将气压平衡和土舱填舱注浆处理技术相结合,辅以微扰动等施工控制方法的填舱注浆成套施工技术能够有效解决施工过程中的喷涌现象及地表建（构）筑物沉降过大的问题; 3)采用填舱注浆技术进行堵水时,应保证开挖面内填舱注浆范围和注浆参数选取的合理性,并应考虑注浆厚度对施工进度的影响。     

Are vehicle trajectories simulated by dynamic traffic models relevant for estimating fuel consumption?

This paper questions the relevance of microscopic traffic models for estimating the impact of traffic strategies on fuel consumption. Urban driving cycles from the ARTEMIS database are simplified into piecewise linear speed profiles to mimic the classical outputs of microscopic traffic flow models. Fuel consumption is estimated for real and simplified trajectories and links between kinematics and the fuel consumption errors are investigated. Simplifying trajectories causes fuel consumption underestimation, from −1.2 to −5.2% on average according to the level of simplification; errors can approach −20% for some cycles. A focus on kinematic phases indicates that the maximum speed reached and the time decelerating are the main influences on fuel consumption. Finally, in the case where maximum speeds are estimated correctly, it is shown that errors committed at each kinematic phase when acceleration distributions are approximated by their mean values, converge towards small errors over complete cycles. A method is developed to quantify and reduce these errors.     

某路堤溜坍原因分析及治理措施

四川某路堤初步验收后,在2013年7月暴雨期间发生了多处溜坍。在现场调查、试验的基础上,对溜坍原因进行综合分析,指出了溜坍原因是渗透破坏、高地下水压力、饱和软化和表面冲刷共同作用结果。针对性地采用了路基覆盖、砂袋堆砌和钢管桩临时加固措施及挡土墙、混凝土格构、分台阶分层回填、增设密目网等永久措施,经6个月运行检验,效果良好。     

Methodology for kinematic cycle characterization of vehicles with fixed routes in urban areas

This paper analyses the driving cycles of a fleet of vehicles with predetermined urban itineraries. Most driving cycles developed for such type of vehicles do not properly address variability among itineraries. Here we develop a polygonal driving cycle that assesses each group of related routes, based on microscopic parameters. It measures the kinematic cycles of the routes traveled by the vehicle fleet, segments cycles into micro-cycles, and characterizes their properties, groups them into clusters with homogeneous kinematic characteristics within their specific micro-cycles, and constructs a standard cycle for each cluster. The process is used to study public bus operations in Madrid.     

列车荷载-地下水耦合作用下隧底围岩强度参数劣化规律研究

为探明列车激振荷载-地下水耦合作用下隧底围岩强度参数劣化特征及列车荷载、地下水压力、围岩级别对围岩颗粒流失影响规律,采用PFC 数值模拟方法分析不同影响因素对围岩颗粒流失量的影响规律,给出颗粒流失率计算公式; 探明不同颗粒流失率条件下围岩弹性模量、峰值强度劣化特征,得到劣化后强度参数计算公式。研究结果表明: 1)围岩自身完整程度、列车轴重、地下水压力三者均与围岩颗粒流失量呈正相关关系,且三者对颗粒流失影响程度依次降低; 2)颗粒流失率与列车轴重、地下水压力三者之间呈二次曲面关系,给出围岩颗粒流失率计算公式; 3)随颗粒流失率增加,围岩应力应变全曲线中弹性变形阶段逐渐减小, 塑性变形阶段逐渐扩大,全曲线特征由弹塑性逐渐向塑性转变; 4)围岩弹性模量、峰值强度均随颗粒流失率增加呈指数衰减,得到劣化强度参数计算公式。     

瞬变电磁法在公路隧道地下水预报中的应用

针对某高速公路隧道掌子面临近富水断层F4-3的地质背景，为探明掌子面前方地下水发育情况，利用瞬变电磁法开展超前地质预报工作。通过多测线、多方位的探测方式，综合分析各方位测线的探测结果，预报掌子面前方地下水的发育段落及空间分布情况。预报结果表明： 1）YK90+755~ +811段地下水发育； 2）YK90+755~+811段富水部位主要位于开挖方向的左右两侧。最后通过超前钻孔验证，瞬变电磁探测富水区域和超前水平钻孔探测出水位置基本一致，较准确地预测了地下水的发育段落。实际开挖后富水情况与瞬变电磁预报富水段落及地下水空间分布基本吻合，取得了较好的预报效果。