京沪高速铁路济南黄河大桥主桥设计

京沪高速铁路济南黄河大桥的主桥桥式方案选择时充分考虑了水文及高速行车对结构的要求,采用刚性梁柔性拱方案。重点介绍了新型带K撑的主桁结构及正交异性整体式桥面在该桥的应用。     

燃料电池发动机用金属流场板电堆性能的试验研究

对某型金属流场板燃料电池电堆进行了性能试验,对其特性曲线和单电池一致性进行了分析。结果表明,该电堆最大功率27.5 kW,对应电压78 V,单电池一致性随着电流负载的增大而下降。对比该电堆与某石墨流场板燃料电池电堆表明,在相同电流密度下前者单电池电压低于后者,但单电池一致性比后者好。     

汽车护板注塑模具三维设计及制造

本文分析汽车护板注塑模具的设计和制造,详细介绍了以UG注塑模为基础的三维设计方法,并通过数控加工对注塑模具的三维制造过程进行了阐述.设计和制造三维注塑模,可以有效地改进模具的设计和生产效率,缩短模具研制时间,在一定程度上帮助了技术人员.     

应用车辆牌照自动识别系统自动检测行程延误的算法研究

为实现行程延误信息的实时自动采集,并提高信息采集的准确性,本文提出了应用车辆牌照自动识别系统实时自动采集行程延误的思想,并设计了面向路网的行程延误算法．该方法可以为交通管理与控制、路线诱导及交通规划等方面的研究提供重要的基础数据,具有广泛的应用前景．     

装配式波纹钢板综合管廊连接节点抗震性能分析

为探究波纹钢板综合管廊在低周循环往复荷载作用下的滞回性能，以某波纹钢板综合管廊实际工程为依托，采用数值模拟与试验相结合的方法，研究管廊在横向、纵向、竖向共6种荷载工况下的抗震性能，以及法兰连接、法兰厚度、管廊壁厚（波纹钢板厚度）、螺栓位置等参数对结构滞回性能的影响。研究结果表明： 1）在低周循环往复荷载作用下，波纹钢板综合管廊塑性变形能力强，抗震性能良好；但管片拼装节点处是其薄弱位置，易发生脱开现象。 2）法兰对结构力学性能及滞回性能的影响显著，但法兰厚度改变对其影响较小。 3）环向法兰上螺栓的位置对结构纵向滞回性能影响较大，对其他方向滞回性能则几乎无影响。 4）波纹钢板厚度是影响结构抗震性能的关键因素。     

Factors and scenario analysis of transport carbon dioxide emissions in rapidly-developing cities

To identify key factors of transport CO₂ emissions and determine effective policies for emission reductions in fast-growing cities, this study establishes transport CO₂ emission models, quantifying the influences of polycentricity and satellite cities and re-examining the effects of per capita GDP and metro service. Based on the model results, we forecast future residents’ urban transport CO₂ emissions under several scenarios of different urban and transport policies and new energy technologies. We find nonlinear quadratic growth relationship between commuting CO₂ emissions and per capita GDP, and the elasticities of household and individual commuting CO₂ emission to per capita GDP are 1.90% and 1.45%, respectively. Developing job-housing balanced satellite cities and self-contained polycentric city can greatly decrease emissions from high emitters and can contribute to about 51–82% of the emission reductions by 2050 compared with the scenario of business as usual (BAU). Promotion of electric vehicles, electric public buses, metros, and improvement of traditional energy efficiency contributes to about 48–57% of the emission reductions by 2050 compared with the BAU. When these policies and technologies are combined, about 90% of the emissions could be reduced by 2050 compared with the BAU, and the emissions will be about 1.2–4.9 times of the present. The findings suggest that fostering polycentric urban form and job-housing balanced satellite cities is the key step for future transport CO₂ emission reductions. Metro network promotion, energy efficiency improvement, and new energy type applications can also be effective in emission reductions.     

Stress magnification effect of initial deformation on the notch stress field and fatigue strength of thin plate welded joints

Compared with thick plate welded joint, the welding joint of thin plate will produce initial deformation due to its low bending rigidity. The existence of initial deformation will cause the welded structure to produce secondary bending effect, which will produce greater stress magnification effect at the weld toe and seriously affect the fatigue strength of thin plate welded joints. Therefore, based on the correction formula of thick plate, considering the influence of initial deformation and geometric nonlinearity of thin plate, this paper deduces the stress magnification factor formula at the weld toe of T-shaped and cruciform specimens. The accuracy of the revised formula is further verified by comparing the notch stress calculated by the modified formula with the FE results. Finally, the modified formula is applied to the notch stress and fatigue evaluation of typical thin plate welded joints respectively. The results show that the proposed notch stress calculation formula can fully consider the stress amplification effect of thin plate structure, and can be used to quickly evaluate the notch stress field and fatigue strength of thin plate welded joints.     

浮置板轨道结构对地铁车辆轨道耦合系统动力性能影响分析

以北京地铁6号线车辆为样本,研究了浮置板轨道对于车辆轨道耦合动力学模型的影响。建模时将浮置板轨道考虑成柔性体,用有限元实体单元建模,并利用模态叠加法进行求解。仿真后得出如下结论:与轨道不平顺引起的冲击相比,采用浮置板轨道后所产生的枕跨冲击、过渡冲击、轨道板冲击并不明显。车辆在浮置板轨道上行驶时,其竖向悬挂系统能够较好地降低轮轨的冲击力;轨道垫板刚度的主要影响是频率在60~150 Hz范围内的振动,对低频振动影响较小。随着轨道垫板刚度的变大,轮轨垂向力和轮重减载率逐渐变大,但其对轮轴横向力和脱轨系数影响很小,对车体振动几乎没有影响。轨道垫板刚度的主要影响是频率在10 Hz左右的轨道板的振动,对浮置板钢弹簧支承力的影响较小,即对路基的减振效果影响较小。     

Uncertainty due to discretization on the ALE algorithm for predicting water slamming loads

Numerical uncertainty due to discretization on the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) Finite Element method is investigated in the study. The paper quantifies uncertainty using two ITTC recommended methods, and also applies a constant Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) number based discretization approach, instead of performing the independent grid and time-based discretization recommended by ITTC. As a case study, water entry of a flat bottom rigid and flexible plate is simulated considering various entry velocities. The total slamming loads and structural responses on both the rigid and elastic bottom plates are predicted and validated against available experimental data. Results indicate that numerical errors due to discretization differ in the various parameters and from case to case. They do affect the analysis of slamming loads and associated structural responses, and the hydroelasticity analysis as well. The hydroelasticity effects on the slamming force generally increase as the entry velocity increases, however, the quantitative results differ much for models with different grids. For example, when the hydroelasticity effect is estimated using the finer model, the deviation of the total slamming force on the elastic plate relative to the one on the rigid body are 56%, 57%, and 63% respectively for the three constant entry velocities, whereas the estimations are −27%, −4% and 3% with the coarser model. The study concludes that the uncertainty due to discretization in ALE is not just case-specific, but also parameter specific. The uncertainty quantification procedures with a constant CFL number based refinement are recommended to investigate the uncertainty comparing to the individual grid and time step study, in particular for the ALE solution where the time step is adjusted automatically as the grid changes. Thus, consideration should be given to updating the ITTC guidelines to incorporate the constant CFL based discretization approach.     

基于Icepak的水冷板结构优化设计

针对水冷板的热设计,在理论分析的基础上,确定影响水冷板散热的结构因素。通过在电子设备热分析软件Icepak中建立水冷板的热仿真模型,探讨水冷板结构形式对散热的影响,得到了肋片高度、长度、数量和宽度对水冷板散热效果的影响规律,实现了水冷板的结构优化,为后续水冷板的热设计奠定了基础。