公路交通安全评价系统1．0版本的开发与应用

实践证明,公路交通安全评价是提高公路安全水平的有效手段。尽管其在我国还是一个较新的课题,但已经引起相关部门的重视,国内也开展了很多安全评价方法的研究。《西部地区公路安全评价》是系统研究公路安全评价方法的一个课题。而公路交通安全评价系统1.0版本是在该课题成果基础上开发的一套实用化的工具,它包括交通基础数据的管理和事故多发段判别、规范符合性分析、事故预测、速度一致性分析、路侧危险度分级等分析模块。本文对该系统各个模块的功能进行了阐述。     

The perception of Bus Rapid Transit: a passenger survey from Beijing Southern Axis BRT Line 1

Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) has emerged as a cost-effective transport system for urban mobility. As a relatively new form of Mass Transit, its ability to provide a high-quality transport service and potential to stimulate land development remain largely unexplored. This study intends to investigate the public attitude towards BRT services, as well as respondents’ perception of living near BRT stations, using the Beijing Southern Axis BRT system as a case study. A data-set of responses to 525 questionnaires were assembled and analysed using a combination of statistical techniques. The results show that BRT has gained great popularity among passengers, and brought about a positive impact on the attractiveness of residential property. The data identify that the majority of passengers are work-related commuters and use BRT more than once a day. The captive users have a higher satisfaction than choice users with respect to reliability, comfort & cleanliness and overall satisfaction with the BRT service. It is argued that the BRT has significantly improved the attractiveness of residential property along the BRT corridor.     

Public Perception of Ocean Governance and Marine Resources Management in Taiwan

Understanding public perception of the oceans, and relationship between society and the sea is an important key to the sustainable management of marine resources. This research reports the first population-based survey on Taiwanese public knowledge, attitudes, and actions on marine-related issues. The stratified random sampling by county was completed with 1,120 telephone respondents from October to December 2010. More than 60% of the respondents have heard about global warming, sea-level rising, the Gulf of Mexico oil spill, the coral reef bleaching crisis, and Japan whaling fisheries. However, less than 20% of the respondents are aware of Taiwanese domestic marine policies, such as the Ocean White Paper. On resources conservation, 74.7% of the respondents support the bluefin tuna catches regulations and 76.6% agree that the shark fin fisheries will impact shark resources. Education and age are the major affecting variables for resource conservation and knowledge. Higher education and age 40–49 are most supportive of conservation measures. For marine recreational activities, 42.2% of the respondents can swim, and 44.2% of the respondents had not visited the beach in the previous year. The results suggest that the government could establish a specialized agency to strengthen its marine policy and take more actions to protect ocean environment and conserve marine resources. To encourage more Taiwanese to participate in ocean recreational activities, the government could build a safe facility for marine recreation, cooperate with the private sectors in education, and provide outreach to raise public awareness of the oceans.     

基于灰关联度理论的重大危险源风险评价技术的研究

为了提高重大危险源风险评估的有效性,采用灰色系统关联度原理,将灰关联分析方法应用于重大危险源风险评估.根据系统安全工程理论,建立了重大危险源评价指标体系,并计算评价指标中的各子系统相对于各个标准评价等级的关联度,然后对各子系统进行较高层次上的综合,以综合结果排序,按隶属度最大原则,确定了重大危险源的风险等级,并开发了原型系统.实例分析表明,本方法简便易行,且结果与实际较为吻合,对重大危险源评估具有较好的适用性.     

船舶驾驶员危险预测能力在人因可靠性评估中应用的设想

通过对复杂水域系统海事事故的特点及不同经验船舶驾驶员操船特点进行分析,结合熟练操作技能的特征,提出可采用船舶驾驶员的危险预测能力对船舶驾驶员的人因可靠性进行评价.     

故障树分析与危险源日志的结合

主要介绍故障树分析方法,并结合工作经验讲述如何将故障树分析结果与危险源日志进行对应链接,从而清晰、形象的为危险源的来源提供有力证据,规范项目技术风险管理。     

地质灾害危险性评价指标规范化方法研究

阐述了评价指标规范化处理在地质灾害危险性评价中的重要作用;针对传统线性规范化处理方法在实际应用中存在的不足,对评价指标危险等级的取值论域进行处理;基于模糊数学理论,提出直线型和曲线型2种规范化处理方法,使地质灾害危险性评价指标规范化处理更合理、更符合实际情况。实例应用结果表明,该规范化处理方法能较真实地反映地质灾害危险性等级。     

轨道车辆安全性的实施方法和具体操作

轨道车辆安全性是RAMS(可靠性、可用性、可维护性和安全性)的特性之一,在车辆的设计、制造中具有非常重要的作用。介绍了实施轨道车辆安全性的方法和具体操作步骤。在具体操作中引入了车辆的风险概念和可接受原则,说明了所要分析危险事件的范围。介绍了车辆功能分解的意义和作用,以及如何进行初步风险分析和确定安全性关键项目清单;同时介绍了如何利用故障树分析法得出车辆故障状态的发生频率。     

如何运用LEC进行航道工程施工危险源辨识

随着国家对内河航道建设力度的加大,航道工程施工的安全生产管理问题也愈显突出。根据航道工程施工的特点,依据国家和行业有关规定,提出了航道工程施工危险源辨识的依据和方法,为进一步加强航道工程施工单位自身安全管理的针对性、有效性,制定了适合政府监管的行业管理办法和适合施工企业管理的行业标准提供依据。     

视屏显示终端作业健康影响调查研究

对平均工龄８．７年的６５名ＶＤＴ作业者和３３名对照进行健康检查，调查了职业危害因素。结果表明：ＶＤＴ接触组头晕、眼疲劳、关节酸痛、乏力等自觉症状发生率显著高于对照组；神经行为功能显著改变；眼晶状体浑浊、角膜荧光染色阳性检出率高，与对照组比较有显著、非常显著性差异；血清ＩｇＡ、外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞总数显著低于对照组；红细胞ＳＯＤ与对照组比较无显著性差异；ＶＤＴ作业职业危害因素主要有：照度低、噪声大、屏面眩光闪烁、空气负离子数少、电磁辐射、不适的工效学关系、精神紧张等。