考虑居住区位的公共交通出行行为分析模型

为探讨不同层面居住区位对公共交通出行行为的影响，基于计划行为理论与群体动力理论，构建涵盖居住区位与心理影响因素共同作用的多水平结构方程模型.模型同时考虑个体层面与社区层面变量对出行选择的影响，利用Mplus软件标定模型参数.结果表明，不同层面变量对出行行为意向的影响存在差异.个体层面变量对行为意向的影响程度由大到小依次为：居住区位(0.665)、主观规范(0.664)、行为态度(0.577)、知觉行为控制(0.547).社区层面变量的影响程度为：行为态度(0.736)大于居住区位(0.646).     

Why early adopters engage in interpersonal diffusion of technological innovations: An empirical study on electric bicycles and electric scooters

Early adopters promoting electric vehicles in their social network may speed up market uptake of this technology. Apart from their opinion leader status, few previous research details the motivations which turn early adopters into advocates for innovation who approach the non-adopters among their family and friends, or casual acquaintances.Drawing on a survey among 1398 e-bike and 133 e-scooter early adopters in Austria, personal drivers of engagement in interpersonal diffusion are investigated. Longitudinal data one year later for 157 e-bike users allows tests of causal relations. A complementary sample of 33 network peers illustrates the early adopters’ social impact.Early adopters engage actively in discussing product features, instigating trial behavior and recommending purchase. Analyses by structural equation modeling show that efforts at interpersonal diffusion are driven by opinion leadership, experienced product performance, and perceived normative expectations of others toward pro-environmental technologies. Mediator and moderator analyses underline that opinion leadership is conveyed upon early adopters because personal norms and technophilia qualify them as credible and competent for the specific topic of e-vehicles. Social norm interrelations point to dynamic interactions and discourse between early adopters and their addressees. Evidence from the peer sample suggests though that the persuasive impact of early adopters is small.To accelerate market entry of electric vehicles, public or private agencies should foremost approach early adopters scoring high in the identified drivers, and empower them in their role as multiplicators by providing pre-prepared product information and encouraging them to continuously address peers.     

Real-time estimation of lane-based queue lengths at isolated signalized junctions

In this study, we develop a real-time estimation approach for lane-based queue lengths. Our aim is to determine the numbers of queued vehicles in each lane, based on detector information at isolated signalized junctions. The challenges involved in this task are to identify whether there is a residual queue at the start time of each cycle and to determine the proportions of lane-to-lane traffic volumes in each lane. Discriminant models are developed based on time occupancy rates and impulse memories, as calculated by the detector and signal information from a set of upstream and downstream detectors. To determine the proportions of total traffic volume in each lane, the downstream arrivals for each cycle are estimated by using the Kalman filter, which is based on upstream arrivals and downstream discharges collected during the previous cycle. Both the computer simulations and the case study of real-world traffic show that the proposed method is robust and accurate for the estimation of lane-based queue lengths in real time under a wide range of traffic conditions. Calibrated discriminant models play a significant role in determining whether there are residual queued vehicles in each lane at the start time of each cycle. In addition, downstream arrivals estimated by the Kalman filter enhance the accuracy of the estimates by minimizing any error terms caused by lane-changing behavior.     

单缸风冷汽油机高压缩比燃烧室的优化设计仿真研究

针对燃油经济性问题,论文以非道路单缸风冷170F汽油机为研究对象,高热效率为核心目标,运用仿真软件对燃烧室形状和压缩比进行优化。在保证不发生异常燃烧的前提下,使用CONVERGE建立仿真模型,并设计仿真了四款高压缩比燃烧室对发动机性能的影响。通过对仿真数据的具体分析来确定较为理想的燃烧室模型。研究结果表明,在自身小型强化技术进一步完善的前提下,可考虑轻微爆震的压缩比情况,此时压缩比为10.5,整机指示热效率较原机提升46.61%,理论燃油消耗率下降至252.69 g/(kW·h),较原机下降31.79%。该种燃烧室改良方法有较好的节能减排前景,在同类机械不同机型上有一定的应用普适性,具有实用推广的能力。     

智能手机使用行为对驾驶可靠性的影响模型

为解决智能手机使用行为对驾驶安全影响过程缺少定量描述的问题，基于驾驶行为信息加工和注意分配理论，探索智能手机使用行为与驾驶可靠性的关联关系，提出7 个因果关系假设，构建涵盖视觉资源消耗、认知资源消耗、驾驶不可靠性等潜变量的智能手机使用行为影响的结构方程模型. 通过线上与线下相结合的方式进行驾驶人问卷调查，实证分析结果表明，视觉资源消耗(0.448)、认知资源消耗(0.256)对驾驶可靠性具有直接负向效应，信息输入、显示观看、语音通话及心理特征具有间接负向效应，其中显示观看(0.450)的效应最大.     

Information impact on quality of multimodal travel choices: conceptualizations and empirical analyses

This paper investigates the impact of a variety of travel information types on the quality of travel choices. Choice quality is measured by comparing observed choices made under conditions of incomplete knowledge with predicted choice probabilities under complete knowledge. Furthermore, the potential impact of travel information is considered along multiple attribute-dimensions of alternatives, rather than in terms of travel time reductions only. Data is obtained from a choice experiment in a multimodal travel simulator in combination with a web-based mode-choice experiment. A Structural Equation Model is estimated to test a series of hypothesized direct and indirect relations between a traveler’s knowledge levels, information acquisition behavior and the resulting travel-choice quality. The estimation results support the hypothesized relations, which provides evidence of validity and applicability of the developed measure of travel-choice quality. Furthermore, found relations in general provide some careful support for the often expected impact of information on the quality of travel choices. The effects are largest for information services that generate previously unknown alternatives, and lowest for services that provide warnings in case of high travel times only.

基于混凝土水化热的大直径灌注桩完整性检测新技术

提出了基于混凝土水化热的大直径灌注桩桩身完整性检测新技术。无论何种桩身缺陷,同正常混凝土相比,大直径灌注桩在水化、凝结、硬化过程中,释放热量普遍偏少;桩身夹泥等缺陷体甚至不释放热量;同时,缺陷体对热量的传导能力普遍较差。该技术可以通过精确测量大直径灌注桩混凝土水化热而产生的温度梯度,进而判定桩身完整性。通过现场试验验证了该技术的可行性,值得深入研究与推广应用。     

单周-PID控制buck电路在DCM模式下的研究

单周控制的开关变换器有较强的输入扰动抑制能力,但是负载扰动抑制能力较差。本文建立了单周控制系统在不连续导电(DCM)模式下的连续时间模型,在此基础上设计PID控制器,得到带输出反馈的单周-PID闭环控制系统。整个系统具有较强的输入扰动抑制能力和负载扰动抑制能力,并有良好的动态、稳态性能。     

热弹性体齐次状态向量方程的变分法

文章给出了一种推导热弹性体齐次状态向量方程的方法。首先,联立热梯度关系对热弹性材料的本构关系进行扩展。第二、建立了一个新的热弹性材料的修正混合H-R变分原理。然后直接从该变分原理推导出了齐次状态向量方程。齐次状态向量方程可以大大简化热弹性体的稳态温度问题的求解过程。文中两个简支层合壳的实例分析证实了该齐次状态向量方程方法数值结果的精确性和可靠性。     

基于兰彻斯特混合律的反恐数学模型研究

针对影响反恐作战效能的主要因素,基于兰彻斯特理论初步建立了用于预测反恐作战胜负的数学模型,并结合算例对模型进行了分析及应用。本模型能够很好地反映实际情况,具有较好的实用性,而且简单易行,容易推广。