关于散装化学品船安全运输的几点思考

本文分析了散装化学品的危险性和散装化学品船的特殊危险性,系统分析了散装化学品船安全管理中存在的主要问题,提出和总结了加强散装化学品船安全运输的几项措施。     

Modeling Feedback Scheme of Empty Cars in Unloading End of Heavy Haul Railway

The transportation organization of heavy haul railway is complex in China, especially, the feedback of empty cars. On the basis of reference to the existing research results, and deep analysis of the characteristics of empty cars distribution of heavy haul railway, the authors construct the feedback schematic model of empty cars in unloading end of heavy haul railway. The minimum quantity of the combined trains and the time for combination is taken as the model goal and solution algorithm on the basis of minimum cost and maximum flow is formulated. Daqin railway is taken as an example and relevant conclusions of feedback scheme of empty cars of heavy haul railway, through an analysis of calculation results, are drawn.     

Bolster spring fault detection strategy for heavy haul wagons

An on-board health monitoring system is proposed for heavy haul wagons in this paper including a signal-based fault detection and isolation (FDI) method and an on-line fault diagnose strategy. Such a system, to be feasible on freight wagons, must be sufficiently cheap and robust, hence the design assumes the constraint of using only two accelerometers mounted on the front left and right rear part of each carbody in a heavy haul train. This paper focuses on the detection of bolster spring fault conditions. The problem is made more complex by the modes of failure which might be expected in bolster spring nests. Types of spring failure are firstly identified and discussed covering situations of broken (shortening springs) and softening (individual spring loss from a nest or cross-section loss through corrosion). The effects of these faults and their detectability were investigated using simulations on straight and curved track and using a fully detailed model of a typical 40?t axle-load heavy haul wagon. The simulation results were then examined and compared using cross-correlation analysis and an FDI system was proposed. The FDI system introduced five possible fault indicators. Initial results indicated that it was possible to detect changes in bolster stiffness of ±25%. An on-line fault diagnoses strategy is proposed for bolster spring faults which only requires data from wagon monitoring during travel around sharp curves to detect and the occurrence of confirm faults. The functionality envisaged needs only a ‘once per trip’ monitoring site, such as a sharper curve, and is aimed at condition monitoring rather than the provision of alarms or comprehensive monitoring of all events.     

高箱对船舶稳性影响的定量分析

对集装箱船舶装载高箱后稳性受到的影响进行了量化分析。并求出计算方法和计算公式。通过量化计算，掌握高箱对稳性的影响程度，从而确定相应对策。防止其影响安全。     

关于货车转向架的发展探讨

分析了国内外货车转向架的发展现状 ,根据国外转向架发展趋势 ,得出研制大轴重、高速货车转向架应遵循的原则。提出了我国未来货车转向架研制新的要求。最后介绍了 2 5t轴重货车转向架的研制情况。     

2500吨级半舱甲板货船中剖面设计

本文通过对2500吨级半舱甲板货船四种中剖面结构形式的总纵强度进行计算比较分析，得出较优的中剖面形式是：采用下甲板与内舷板相连接在下甲板平面，内舷板下设甲板纵桁及支柱，其中剖面截面积较其他形式减少2．7％-3．6％，重量可降低，是值得进一步研究的半舱甲板货船船型结构方式，可供设计参考。     

货物单元系固方案校核方法的运用

在船舶运输中,货物单元合理系固是确保船舶安全的重要因素。IMO关于货物单元系固所提供的经验方法和精确计算方法,在实际应用中各有优点和不足,针对这两种方法的效果进行比较研究,在确保船舶安全的前提下,找到一种既精确又更为便捷的方法,具有普遍适用性。     

船运木材货物的注意事项

介绍了木材货物在甲板及舱内积载时的注意事项、系固绑扎方法及船舶航行途中应采取的措施,提出一些有益的建议,对木材船的安全运输有一定的帮助。     

独立液货舱型式沥青运输船设计特点

阐述了独立液货舱型式沥青运输船在设计方面较常规船舶的特殊之处,主要表现在总体布置、结构布置、独立舱支承装置、独立舱定位装置、防浮装置、独立液货舱绝缘、结构防火与消防以及永久性检验通道等方面。     

液货舱自由液面修正

探讨了国际海事组织(IMO)完整稳性规则自由液面修正条款对满载液货舱的适用性,提出了液货舱自由液面修正建议。