基于有限元法的汽车起重机尾架结构改进设计

建立了汽车起重机尾架有限元模型,利用MSC/patran和MSC/nastran软件,对尾架结构进行了有限元分析,从而得到尾架上应力较大的区域和应力分布规律,同时对其进行了现场试验研究,将试验结果与理论分析进行了对比,二者相当吻合。并以此分析结果为依据,进行了结构改进,取得了较好的效果。     

汽车撞击城市立交桥墩后对桥墩结构的影响

如何评估汽车撞击对桥梁产生的安全影响是一个非常重要的问题。对汽车撞击城市立交桥墩后造成的桥墩受冲击动荷栽进行力学分析，得到汽车的冲击力、桥墩的顶位移和破坏的临界力，对城市桥梁下部构造设计、桥梁维修、加固、桥梁荷栽分析等．具有一定的参考价值。     

XZ5110ZYS后装压缩式垃圾车人机工程设计

从装填机构的可靠性设计、垃圾车绿色设计、人性化设计、底盘设计四个方面对XZ5110ZYS后装压缩式垃圾车的人机工程设计理念进行了阐述。     

轻型载货车电动助力转向系统的仿真模型与试验验证

应用Adams/Car软件,建立了带有电动助力转向器的轻型载货车多体动力学模型,然后,应用道路试验数据,确定出不同工况下的助力特性曲线和对应的速度感应系数,制作成相应的MAP图,在Adams/Car软件环境中,采用DCF文件控制仿真的方法,重现试验工况。仿真计算与试验结果的对比分析证明了仿真模型的合理性,可达到期望的精度。     

大跨桥梁油罐车燃烧火灾模型计算方法研究

桥梁上油罐车燃烧可分为油罐车火灾和燃油泄漏油池火灾2种,为了建立2种定量分析的火灾模型,基于火灾学原理,采用理论分析与FDS数值模拟相结合的方法,提出了考虑危化品种类、桥面风、油罐车尺寸等因素的油罐车火灾最大热释放速率定量计算方法;建立了燃烧油池最大直径、扩散时间以及直径扩大速度的求解方程,提出了可表征不同泄漏孔径下油池扩散、燃烧动态过程的数学模型,并通过前人的试验结果对模型的正确性进行了验证。通过对依托工程的分析,结果表明:油罐车火灾时,最大热释放速率与桥面风速正相关,但增长幅度逐渐减小,风速从4.96 m·s^-1增至10.84 m·s^-1时,最大热释放速率的变化范围为62.89~113.54 MW,随风速增加至10.84 m·s^-1,燃烧时间逐渐变短,缩短至原来的57%,火焰高度逐渐降低,趋近于9.5 m(含油罐车高度);火焰核心区域随风速增大而增大,且向下风向倾斜。泄漏油池燃烧时,泄漏孔径的变化对热释放速率和油池扩散时间影响较小;泄漏速率比接近于泄漏孔半径的平方比,油池最大直径比、扩大速度比与泄漏孔半径比相当,燃烧时间随泄漏孔半径的增大而减小,减小速度变缓;随着燃烧油池直径增大,火焰高度增加,火焰核心区域增大;当扩散至最大直径时,其火焰的水平影响区域比油罐车燃烧更广,但燃烧时间更短。     

双后桥平衡悬架骑马螺栓的布置分析

分析了双后桥车型底盘平衡悬架板簧连接骑马螺栓竖直布置与内八斜拉布置2种布置形式对平衡悬架系统的性能的影响,并通过CAE软件完成了相应骑马螺栓的受力及变形分析。通过分析可知,骑马螺栓内八字斜拉布置应力分布优于竖直布置结构,该布置可增加板簧的有效作用长度。     

Carbon and energy footprints of electric delivery trucks: A hybrid multi-regional input-output life cycle assessment

Due to frequent stop-and-go operation and long idling periods when driving in congested urban areas, the electrification of commercial delivery trucks has become an interesting topic nationwide. In this study, environmental impacts of various alternative delivery trucks including battery electric, diesel, diesel-electric hybrid, and compressed natural gas trucks are analyzed. A novel life cycle assessment method, an environmentally-extended multi-region input-output analysis, is utilized to calculate energy and carbon footprints throughout the supply chain of alternative delivery trucks. The uncertainties due to fuel consumption or other key parameter variations in real life, data ranges are taken into consideration using a Monte Carlo simulation. Furthermore, variations in regional electricity mix greenhouse gas emission are also considered to present a region-specific assessment for each vehicle type. According to the analysis results, although the battery electric delivery trucks have zero tailpipe emission, electric trucks are not expected to have lower environmental impacts compared to other alternatives. On average, the electric trucks have slightly more greenhouse emissions and energy consumption than those of other trucks. The regional analysis also indicates that the percentage of cleaner power sources in the electricity mix plays an important role in the life cycle greenhouse gas emission impacts of electric trucks.     

Dynamic stability of forklift trucks in cornering situations: parametrical analysis using a driving simulator

This paper describes the examination of the vehicle dynamics and stability of four-wheeled forklift trucks (FLTs) in cornering situations. Cornering at excessive speed is one major reason for fatal accidents with forklifts caused by lateral tipover. In order to increase the lateral stability of this kind of working machinery, the influence of certain important design properties has been studied using an appropriate vehicle simulation model and a driving simulator. The simulation model is based on a multi-body system approach and includes submodels for the propulsion system and the tyres. The driving behaviour of the operator has not been modelled. Instead, a driving simulator has been built up and a real human driver was employed for ensuring adequate and realistic model input. As there have not been any suitable standardised test manoeuvres available for FLTs, a new driving test has been developed to assess the lateral stability. This test resembles the well-known J turn/Fishhook turn, but includes a more dynamic counter-steering action. Furthermore, the dimensions of the test track are defined. Therefore, the test is better adapted to the driving dynamics of forklifts and reflects the real driver behaviour more closely. Finally, a parametrical study has been performed, examining the influence of certain important technical properties of the truck such as the maximum speed, the position of centre of gravity, rear axle design features and tyre properties. The results of this study may lead to a better understanding of the vehicle dynamics of forklifts and facilitate goal-oriented design improvements.     

我国重型汽车车桥历史、现状及发展趋势

简要介绍我国重型汽车车桥的发展历史和现状,主要制造商及其产品,技术发展水平,对比国外先进车桥技术,分析和总结我国重型汽车车桥的发展趋势及发展对策。     

液压组合挂车转向机构换位孔的可制造化处理

根据任意轴线下液压模块式组合挂车转向系统的优化设计原理,通过合并法、分开法、综合法三种孔位处理方法,实现了对优化后的换位孔的可制造化处理,取得了满意的效果。