A substitute model of two-dimensional dry friction exposed to dither generated by rolling contact of wheel and rail

Dither generated by rolling contact of wheel and rail smoothes dry friction damping provided by the primary suspension dampers of freight wagons and it should be taken into account in numerical simulations. But numerically the problem is non-smooth and this leads to long execution time during simulation, especially when the vehicle with friction dampers is modelled in the environment of an multi-body system simulation program, whose solver has to cope with many strong non-linearities. The other difficulty is the necessity of handling within the code a number of big volume files of recorded dither sampled with high frequency. To avoid these difficulties, a substitute model of two-dimensional dry friction exposed to dither is proposed that does not need application of dither during simulation, but it behaves as if dither were applied. Due to this property of the model, the excitation of the vehicle model by track irregularities may be supplied as low-frequency input, which allows fast execution and, the necessity of handling high-volume files of recorded dither is avoided. The substitute model is numerically effective. To identify parameters of the substitute model, a pre-processing employing a sample of the realistic dither is carried-out on a simple two-degrees-of-freedom system. The substitute model is anisotropic, describing anisotropic properties of the two-dimensional friction arising in the presence of one-dimensional dither. The model may be applied in other branches of engineering, for example, in mechatronics and robotics, where application of dither may improve the accuracy of positioning devices.     

Dynamics of railway wagons subjected to braking torques on defective tracks

It is well known that track defects cause profound effects to the dynamics of railway wagons; normally such problems are examined for cases of wagons running at a constant speed. Brake/traction torques affect the speed profile due to the wheel–rail contact characteristics but most of the wagon–track interaction models do not explicitly consider them in simulation. The authors have recently published a model for the dynamics of wagons subject to braking/traction torques on a perfect track by explicitly considering the pitch degree of freedom for wheelsets. The model is extended for cases of lateral and vertical track geometry defects and worn railhead and wheel profiles. This paper presents the results of the analyses carried out using the model extended to the dynamics of wagons containing less ideal wheel profiles running on tracks with geometry defects and worn rails.     

Fault-tolerant control of heavy-haul trains

The fault-tolerant control (FTC) of heavy-haul trains is discussed on the basis of the speed regulation proposed in previous works. The fault modes of trains are assumed and the corresponding fault detection and isolation (FDI) are studied. The FDI of sensor faults is based on a geometric approach for residual generators. The FDI of a braking system is based on the observation of the steady-state speed. From the difference of the steady-state speeds between the fault system and the faultless system, one can get fault information. Simulation tests were conducted on the suitability of the FDIs and the redesigned speed regulators. It is shown that the proposed FTC does not explicitly worsen the performance of the speed regulator in the case of a faultless system, while it obviously improves the performance of the speed regulator in the case of a faulty system.     

翻车机房与廊道地下混凝土结构抗裂防渗技术的改进

简述了翻车机房及廊道地下构筑物施工中常用的混凝土抗裂防渗施工技术措施,分析了以往翻车机房及廊道工程中出现的主要裂缝及抗渗点,通过比较分析后提出了京唐港翻车机房与廊道工程采取的抗裂防渗技术措施,为以后类似工程提供借鉴。     

Bolster spring fault detection strategy for heavy haul wagons

An on-board health monitoring system is proposed for heavy haul wagons in this paper including a signal-based fault detection and isolation (FDI) method and an on-line fault diagnose strategy. Such a system, to be feasible on freight wagons, must be sufficiently cheap and robust, hence the design assumes the constraint of using only two accelerometers mounted on the front left and right rear part of each carbody in a heavy haul train. This paper focuses on the detection of bolster spring fault conditions. The problem is made more complex by the modes of failure which might be expected in bolster spring nests. Types of spring failure are firstly identified and discussed covering situations of broken (shortening springs) and softening (individual spring loss from a nest or cross-section loss through corrosion). The effects of these faults and their detectability were investigated using simulations on straight and curved track and using a fully detailed model of a typical 40?t axle-load heavy haul wagon. The simulation results were then examined and compared using cross-correlation analysis and an FDI system was proposed. The FDI system introduced five possible fault indicators. Initial results indicated that it was possible to detect changes in bolster stiffness of ±25%. An on-line fault diagnoses strategy is proposed for bolster spring faults which only requires data from wagon monitoring during travel around sharp curves to detect and the occurrence of confirm faults. The functionality envisaged needs only a ‘once per trip’ monitoring site, such as a sharper curve, and is aimed at condition monitoring rather than the provision of alarms or comprehensive monitoring of all events.     

秦皇岛港煤五期翻车机房工程综合抗渗防裂技术

针对秦皇岛港煤五期翻车机房工程,通过若干项新技术应用、技术改进,控制关键环节,对大体积超长混凝土结构采取了切实可行的抗渗防裂措施。施工后经过2年的观察证明,没有发现有害裂缝发生,基本达到不渗不漏。     

LDJC型货车轮对尺寸自动测量机

介绍了货车轮对尺寸自动测量机的主要技术参数、结构及功能等。     

强侧风作用下不同类型铁路货车在青藏线路堤上运行时的气动性能比较

在强侧风作用下,作用于列车的气动力迅速增加,严重影响列车运行的稳定性。本文基于三维、非定常N-S方程,采用动网格技术对货物列车在青藏线路堤上强侧风作用下运行进行了模拟计算,得到棚车、集装箱平车、敞车和罐车4种类型货物列车所受气动力。将计算结果与风洞实验结果进行对比,升力、侧向力和倾覆力矩均吻合较好。计算结果说明:随着侧风速度的增大,作用于棚车、集装箱平车、敞车、罐车的侧向力及倾覆力矩均显著增大;在强侧风作用下,棚车所受侧向力及倾覆力矩最大,故棚车在强侧风作用下较易发生倾覆事故,而罐车所受侧向力及倾覆力矩最小。     

中国农用车的概念和定位与前景

中国农用汽车在近年的迅猛发展是中国社会经济发展的产物。中国农用车的本征是汽车,不是农业机械。中国农用车的发展前景很光明。     

5000t级重载列车低速缓解的动力学分析

本文用列车动力学的方法,分析了重载列车纵向冲动的产生特点,着重研究了装备GK阀的5000t级重载列车在低速缓解时的纵向冲动问题,分析了造成列车低速缓解时冲动过大的原因,并探讨了减轻列车冲动的可能途径。