探究城市防洪综合评价模型及方法应用

目前我国城市防洪能力相对来说还比较低,城市的防洪系统不够完善。防洪技术和管理的落后,以及防洪规划的滞后等制约着我国城市防洪的发展。为此,探究城市防洪系统的综合评价问题有较大的意义。该文阐述了城市防洪系统综合评价指标的体系及其综合评价模型,并应用到现实的城市防洪系统综合评价中,以期为防洪系统规划建设与改进完善提供一定的借鉴。     

Optimal preview game theory approach to vehicle stability controller design

Dynamic game theory brings together different features that are keys to many situations in control design: optimisation behaviour, the presence of multiple agents/players, enduring consequences of decisions and robustness with respect to variability in the environment, etc. In the presented methodology, vehicle stability is represented by a cooperative dynamic/difference game such that its two agents (players), namely the driver and the direct yaw controller (DYC), are working together to provide more stability to the vehicle system. While the driver provides the steering wheel control, the DYC control algorithm is obtained by the Nash game theory to ensure optimal performance as well as robustness to disturbances. The common two-degrees-of-freedom vehicle-handling performance model is put into discrete form to develop the game equations of motion. To evaluate the developed control algorithm, CarSim with its built-in nonlinear vehicle model along with the Pacejka tire model is used. The control algorithm is evaluated for a lane change manoeuvre, and the optimal set of steering angle and corrective yaw moment is calculated and fed to the test vehicle. Simulation results show that the optimal preview control algorithm can significantly reduce lateral velocity, yaw rate, and roll angle, which all contribute to enhancing vehicle stability.     

Analytical solutions for optimal ride comfort and tyre grip for passive vehicle suspensions

The paper derives analytical solutions for the global optimum of the ride comfort and tyre grip performance measures for a quarter-car vehicle model optimised both individually and in combination. The solutions are derived for six simple suspension networks comprising one or two springs, one damper and possibly one inerter. The solutions are functions of four vehicle parameters: the sprung mass, the unsprung mass, the tyre stiffness and the static stiffness, of the suspension.     

A method for estimation of vehicle inertial parameters

In this paper, a new method is presented for estimating the current sprung mass inertial parameters of a vehicle, such as the mass, pitch and roll mass moments of inertia, and lateral and longitudinal centre of gravity locations. The method measures the sprung mass response when the vehicle is driven over an unknown and unmeasured random road profile. From these measurements, the equivalent free-decay responses are extracted and modal analysis techniques used to estimate the sprung mass natural frequencies, damping ratios and mode shapes. This information is combined with a simplified vehicle estimation model, least squares analysis and known equivalent stiffness parameters to estimate the vehicles’ inertial parameters. The results obtained from several simulation examples show that estimates of the inertial parameters generally have small relative errors.     

Model predictive control with constraints for a nonlinear adaptive cruise control vehicle model in transition manoeuvres

A vehicle following control law, based on the model predictive control method, to perform transition manoeuvres (TMs) for a nonlinear adaptive cruise control (ACC) vehicle is presented in this paper. The TM controller ultimately establishes a steady-state following distance behind a preceding vehicle to avoid collision, keeping account of acceleration limits, safe distance, and state constraints. The vehicle dynamics model is for continuous-time domain and captures the real dynamics of the sub-vehicle models for steady-state and transient operations. The ACC vehicle can execute the TM successfully and achieves a steady-state in the presence of complex dynamics within the constraint boundaries.     

An investigation into the effect of suspension configurations on the performance of tracked vehicles traversing bump terrains

This is a theoretical investigation into the effect of various suspension configurations on a tracked vehicle performance over bump terrains. The model developed is validated using published experimental data of the modal characteristics of the vehicle. The desired performance is based on ride comfort via the mixed objective function (MOF), which combines the crest factor of bounce acceleration, bounce displacement, angular acceleration, and pitch angle. The optimisation process involves evaluating the MOF for different numbers and locations of dampers and under different rigid bump road conditions and speeds. The system responses of the selected suspension configurations in the time and frequency domains are compared against the undamped suspension. The results show that the suspension configurations have a significant effect on the vehicle mobility over bump road profiles. For a five-road–wheel half model of a tracked vehicle, the maximum number of dampers to use for ride comfort over these road bumps is three with the dampers located at wheel positions 1, 2 and 5. This confirms the current practice for many tracked vehicles with 10 road wheels. However, it is further shown that the suspension fitted with two dampers at the extreme road wheels offer the best performance over various rigid bump terrains.     

大跨径钢桥面铺装典型结构路用性能评价与研究

大跨径钢桥面沥青混凝土铺装材料的性能对行车舒适性及面层材料的耐久性有重要的影响。在了解各类铺装材料特性和适用性的基础上,提出了3种典型铺装结构方案。并以舟山西堠门大桥为项目依托,对钢桥面铺装3种复合铺装结构的高温稳定性、低温弯曲性能、疲劳性能以及防水性能进行了综合研究,对比了3种复合铺装结构的性能差异。在进行疲劳性能分析时,根据有限元分析结果,创新性地建立了室内组合结构疲劳分析试验模型。通过试验验证了3种复合铺装结构作为钢桥面铺装的综合技术性能,为今后的桥面铺装工程提供了一定的理论基础。     

几种常用公路交通噪声预测模式准确性分析

根据成温邛高速公路和成绵高速公路的交通量、车型及车速等监测数据,应用美国联邦公路管理局(FHWA)噪声预测模式、JTG B03-2006推荐噪声预测模式和HJ 2.4-2009推荐噪声预测模式,分别对两条高速公路进行噪声预测,将噪声预测值与实测值进行对比,分析在相同车流量、车型及车速等条件下各预测模式预测值与实测值的差值大小,并分析其原因,得出在高速公路交通噪声预测的准确性上,HJ 2.4-2009预测模式优于FHWA预测模式和JTG B03-2006预测模式。     

基于T—S模糊神经网络的边坡稳定性评价

边坡的稳定具有模糊性。基于模糊数学和神经网络理论,建立了边坡分定性分析的T—S模型,并结合具体工程进行了应用。研究表明：T—S模糊神经网络分析模型具有较好的适应性和应用性,对于边坡稳定性分析是一种较好的方法。     

山区高速公路桥隧段行车安全评价模型研究

桥隧连接段属于道路环境突变段。研究表明在道路环境突变段所产生的交通事故多为恶性事故,为了改善桥隧段的行车安全,利用模糊理论的相关方法来评价桥隧段行车的安全性,并在计算隶属函数隶属度的时引入人工神经网络的相关理论,避免了确定隶属函数时的主观性和模糊性;在方法类型的角度,使用模糊理论来评价桥隧段行车的安全性,在评价时使用了多个层次、多个因素的分析方法,在解决道路行车安全评价时具有一定的优越性,使得评价更趋于精确,客观。