基于价值工程的全生命周期趸船材质方案比选研究

将趸船整个生命周期过程中的技术先进性、经济合理性和环境协调性有机地融合为一体,基于价值工程理论提出趸船材质方法比选。实例表明在千岛湖这样的大吨位船舶碰撞概率很小的水域,采用混凝土趸船明显优于钢质趸船。     

LED灯具在高速列车照明系统中的应用

随着我国高速铁路事业的发展,旅客对车内照明环境品质的要求越来越高,在我国高速列车照明设计中广泛采用LED灯具作为光源。通过对高速动车组车载灯具与25T型列车传统车载灯具的测试对比,总结出LED灯具在发光效率等方面相对于传统灯具的优势,为高速动车组室内照明设计提供依据。     

Vehicle electrification in a developing country: Status and issue,from a well-to-wheel perspective

The increase of public attention, scientific research and political interest in environmental problems associated with transportation has provided the motivation for re-invention of electric vehicles. However the usage of grid-dependent EVs with a high-carbon electricity grid might produce more damage to the environment. This study aims to provide an environmental impact comparison of ICEVs, HEVs and EVs during their usage cycle, by modeling their energy consumption (electricity or fuel) and the supply chains of the supplied energy, (well-to-wheel) based on a life cycle assessment. The results show that running EVs with the existing mixed sources of electrical energy produce larger impacts on the environment 60% of the time; when compared to HEVs. When compared to ICEVs, EVs produce a larger environmental impact on 7 out of 15 environmental impact categories. Overall the environmental impacts of EVs are substantial based on the well-to-wheel analysis. It will continue to be so if no change is made to the methods of electricity generation in the near future. Given that the environmental profile of EVs is linked with the existing national electricity generation mix, the national electricity supply must be made cleaner before the electrification of the urban transport system.     

Cost scaling based successive approximation algorithm for the traffic assignment problem

This paper presents a cost scaling based successive approximation algorithm, called ε-BA (ε-optimal bush algorithm), to solve the user equilibrium traffic assignment problem by successively refining ε-optimal flows. As ε reduces to zero, the user equilibrium solution is reached. The proposed method is a variant of bush-based algorithms, and also a variant of the min-mean cycle algorithm to solve the min-cost flow by successive approximation. In ε-BA, the restricted master problem, implying traffic equilibration restricted on a bush, is solved to ε-optimality by cost scaling before bush reconstruction. We show that ε-BA can reduce the number of flow operations substantially in contrast to Dial’s Algorithm B, as the former operates flows on a set of deliberately selected cycles whose mean values are sufficiently small. Further, the bushes can be constructed effectively even if the restricted master problem is not solved to a high level of convergence, by leveraging the ε-optimality condition. As a result, the algorithm can solve a highly precise solution with faster convergence on large-scale networks compared to our implementation of Dial’s Algorithm B.     

中国TBM施工技术进展、挑战及对策

总结我国近30年来TBM设计与施工技术的发展历程,可归纳为以下5个阶段:1)研发探索和试用阶段;2)以国外施工承包商为主体,采用国外设计制造TBM施工我国隧道工程阶段;3)独立进行TBM招标采购和选型设计,并建立起自主的TBM施工队伍阶段;4)与国外厂家联合设计制造TBM,工程应用和自主施工快速发展阶段;5)实现TBM国产化,面向国内外TBM工程市场自主施工阶段。通过我国不同时期TBM施工的典型工程,介绍我国在复杂地质、大坡度、高海拔、不同直径、不同机型、超长隧洞TBM施工方面取得的经验、技术积累和业绩,展示我国TBM在穿越断层破碎带、软弱变形、岩爆、涌水等不良地质洞段取得的一系列施工新技术,以及最高月进尺1 868 m、平均月进尺超过600 m和掘进作业利用率超过40%的掘进技术水平。分析TBM在极硬岩、大断层破碎带、软弱大变形围岩、强岩爆围岩、涌水突泥洞段、高地热隧洞和超长隧洞工程中施工面临的风险和挑战,并提出一些相应的技术措施和对策,期望这些措施和对策在未来大量实际工程中进一步得到实践验证、优化和改进,不断积累和创新TBM设计与施工新技术。     

高墩连续刚构左右幅相连横向抗风分析

高墩大跨径连续刚构桥梁主墩横向抗风设计问题突出,多以增大主墩底部尺寸来解决,但变截面高墩容易造成施工不便和影响美观。对分幅桥梁,笔者认为可将左右幅0#块用外伸横隔板相连,双幅桥梁的主墩共同承担横向风荷载。以龙门大桥为例,用Midas建立单幅桥梁和双幅相连桥梁的两个模型,比较各自的内力和稳定性,再应用ANSYS对受力复杂的0#块及其外伸隔板作三维实体仿真分析。结果表明,双幅桥梁相连后可有效减少墩底内力,提高整体稳定性。     

多元评价体系组合模型在铁路隧道变形预测中的应用

为克服传统预测模型结构单一、预测精度及稳定性不足等缺陷,提出多元体系组合预测模型的建模思路。首先,基于支持向量机、BP神经网络及ARMA模型3种单一预测模型,构建铁路隧道变形预测体系;再以均方根误差、误差平方和及平均绝对误差等为评价准则或指标,构建各预测结果的误差评价体系,求解各单项预测模型的权值贡献指数,得到最优组合权值;然后利用后验差检验、残差检验和关联度检验构建预测精度校验体系,对组合预测结果进行检验,评价预测模型的有效性;最后,结合工程实例,对多元体系组合预测模型在特大断面隧道中的变形预测效果进行检验。结果表明:多元评价体系组合模型预测相对误差值均小于2%,具有较高的预测精度,且较单一预测模型具有更高的预测精度,也一致通过相关检验,验证了多元体系组合预测模型的有效性。     

极高地应力软岩隧道超前导洞应力释放及多层支护变形控制技术

为了解决极高地应力软岩隧道大变形控制难题,以兰渝铁路木寨岭隧道岭脊核心段施工为例,通过现场试验和数据分析,得到如下主要结论:1)提出了"先放后抗,抗放结合,锚固加强"的变形控制理念;2)得出了该隧道岭脊核心段"超前导洞应力释放+圆形4层支护结构+径向注浆+长锚杆+长锚索"综合变形控制方案;3)超前导洞应力释放效果明显,正洞累计变形减小幅度约为34%;4)得到了圆形多层支护结构变形规律;5)累计变形均控制在设计预留变形量内,保证了该隧道岭脊核心段大变形控制效果。     

基于发动机台架考核方法的气缸盖高周疲劳特性研究

依据发动机台架考核规范,运用疲劳强度理论,对某铸铁气缸盖进行高周疲劳强度评估。明确温度和应力随考核工况改变的变化行为,研究气缸盖各区域受工作载荷的影响状况,为缸盖寿命评估模型提供载荷边界。结合疲劳理论,在考虑材料修正的基础上进行了疲劳特性分析和损伤状况分析。分析表明,气缸盖各区域的疲劳安全系数均大于1,视为安全,但冷却钻孔区域的安全裕度较小。     

柴油机高压共轨电控燃油喷射技术

简要介绍柴油机电控高压共轨喷射系统的发展现状,主要分析柴油机电控高压共轨喷射系统的结构和原理,分析了柴油机电控高压共轨喷射系统的关键技术。