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71.
72.
This paper explains the theory in support of total cost analysis (TCA) to compare transportation system alternatives. The full costs of each alternative are first aggregated, including travel time costs and monetizable environmental and social costs. Many costs which are considered on the benefits side of the equation in benefit-cost analysis (BCA) as "cost savings" are brought over to the costs side. Total cost differences among alternatives are then traded off against their estimated non-monetized benefits or impacts, just as a consumer trades off product quality against cost before deciding which product he or she will buy. One advantage of TCA over traditional BCA is that the concept of "total cost" is more easily understood by the public and by political decision-makers than BCA concepts such as "net present worth", "benefit-cost ratio" and "internal rate of return". A second advantage is that there is no suggestion that all "benefits" have been considered; decision-makers are free to use their own value judgements to trade off total cost against non-monetizable social, environmental and economic impacts, just as they trade off quality and convenience against cost when purchasing goods and services in their roles as consumers. The TCA approach is demonstrated in this paper through a case study of two systemwide alternatives for the Baltimore, MD urban area. 相似文献
73.
Reform of trucking Vehicle Weights and Dimensions (VWD) regulations in Canada is now underway. The effect these reforms will have on the freight transportation industry are only recently the subject of research. This paper is part of this new research effort, aimed at understanding how regulatory reform in the trucking sector will affect the existing competitive relationship between trucks and the railways. The paper presents the results of study and research into modelling the relationship between mode choice and the service characteristics that are affected by VWD reform.Using several periods of data, a series of econometric models are developed which help to elucidate the relative relationships between the mode service characteristics for both of the principal interprovincial freight modes. A technique is developed and presented to model railway user costs in order to overcome the complex and often unrepresentable pricing activities of Canadian railways.The strength of the developed econometric models is presented, including their significance and statistical reliability. This is further reinforced by the similarities exhibited by all the models in the series. The selected model is applied to predict market service responses required of the railway industry in order to compete with the trucking sector now adapting to the new regulations.The impact of the newly implemented vehicle weight and dimension reform on the rail transportation industry is analyzed and railway industry improvements aimed at maintaining its market share are presented. The results predicted by the model show that railway user cost reductions should be moderate, and likely less than the level of inflation over the period of time when trucking converts its fleet to take advantage of the new regulations.Abbreviations AASHTO
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
- CCMTA
Canadian Conference of Motor Transport Administrators
- EPI
End products, inedible commodity classification
- GVW
Gross Vehicle Weight
- NA
1988 VWD National Agreement
- RTAC
Roads and Transportation Association of Canada
- VWD
Vehicle Weight(s) and Dimension(s)
- WA
1988 VWD Western Agreement 相似文献
74.
75.
多货物品种集装化运输的优化调度问题 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
用数学模型描述了供应商根据某一用户在各个不同时间段内对不同货物的需求量情况,利用各种不同型号的箱体进行分时段货物发送的问题。其最终目的是为了求得能够使运输成本和存储成本达到最小的货物发送方案,该问题是一个由批量问题和拼箱问题所组成的复合问题。就此问题,提出了一种三阶段算法。通过理论分析,该算法可以有效地解决此类问题。 相似文献
76.
在总结和分析各种工程造价估测方法的基础上,构建了基于模糊理论和造价管理系统之上的造价快速估测模型,并给出了其计算步骤和估测实例,可用于公路工程造价的快速测算。 相似文献
77.
我国道路客运业的现状及发展对客车制造业的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文对我国道路客运业的现状和特点进行了分析介绍,指出道路客运业向集约化、规模化发展,客运经营主体的资质、经营管理水平等需要进一步的提高。道路客运业的发展对客车制造企业提出了更多要求,但二者又是相互融合、共同发展的。 相似文献
78.
阐述了公路机械化养护的目的与作用,对目前我国高等级公路的机械化养护现状及管理模式进行了分析。在此基础上,提出了公路机械化养护体制的改革出路与机械化设备配备的原则。 相似文献
79.
采用原位等效静荷载试验方法,检测和验证13m跨简支钢筋混凝土单块板,铰缝处理前后结构的受力性能,铰缝处理前后单板挠度分别为1/307、1/786,单板经铰缝处理满足了正常使用要求。 相似文献
80.