盾构隧道刀具更换技术综述

盾构穿越复杂水文地质地层时,常因刀盘刀具过量磨损而导致盾构被迫停机,这已成为困扰盾构施工的重要难题之一,进行刀具更换是目前解决这一难题,恢复盾构掘进的主要方法。然而,工程界尚未形成系统的盾构换刀技术体系。针对这一问题,在对已有技术研究理解和总结的基础上,阐述了盾构刀具更换技术的内涵和主要分类,并结合典型盾构工程换刀作业实例和笔者所在课题组的研究成果,对加固地层-常压换刀、基于常压可更换刀盘设计的换刀、带压换刀等3种主要换刀技术的原理、技术流程、关键技术、适用范围和优缺点等进行系统的分析和总结。最后介绍了日本最新的刀具更换技术,并对中国盾构隧道刀具更换技术进行了展望。结果表明：地层加固-常压换刀技术和带压换刀技术都是在常规刀盘设计条件下形成的,其关键都是保障开挖面地层的稳定性;差别在于,前者是使加固开挖面地层达到自稳后,在常压条件下实施的,而后者则是通过泥浆渗透成膜等辅助工艺提高开挖面地层的闭气性后,在气压支护条件下实施的;对于基于常压可更换刀盘设计的换刀技术来说,开挖面地层的稳定性不需要重点考虑,盾构机特殊的中空刀盘辐臂和常压可更换刀具设计才是该技术的关键。     

Experimental and numerical study of the shielding effect of two tandem rough cylinders in flow-induce oscillation

The shielding effect of the downstream cylinder in flow induced oscillation (FIO) of two cylinders arranged in tandem is studied experimentally and numerically at Reynolds number 30,000 to 120,000. Both cylinders are in one degree-of-freedom, transverse-oscillations, and have turbulence stimulation in the form of selective surface roughness to expand FIO beyond vortex-induced vibration (VIV) into galloping. Shielding of the downstream cylinder has a negative effect on harnessing hydrokinetic energy. To study its effect and mechanics, selective cases are studied both numerically and experimentally and discussed to demonstrate the shielding effect on the downstream cylinder and understand its cause. The main conclusions are: (1) The shielding effect for the downstream cylinder shows a strong relation to the damping ratio. As the damping ratio increases, the shielding effect is mitigated. Additionally, the oscillation of the rear cylinder becomes stable and shows stable frequency. (2) In the VIV region, as the stiffness and natural frequency increase, the shielding effect decreases substantially. (3) In the VIV region, the vorticity of the vortices shedding from both the upper and the lower sides of the downstream cylinder does not accumulate enough due to the attraction by the vortices shed from the upstream cylinder, thus resulting in partial suppression of the oscillation on the downstream cylinder. (4) In the galloping region, the shielding effect for the downstream cylinder depends on whether the vorticity near the downstream cylinder is strengthened by the vortices generated by the shear layers of the upstream cylinder or weakened.     

Finite-time ship formation control based on extended state observer北大核心CSCD

[目的]为了解决大多数船舶编队控制算法控制周期长和时效性差的问题,提出一种基于扩张状态观测器(ESO)的有限时间控制策略。[方法]采用一种非线性终端滑模算法,通过对控制律分区域设计,克服传统终端滑模存在的奇异性问题;将非线性终端滑模与图论结合,实现有限时间的船舶编队控制;利用扩张状态观测器观测并补偿船舶模型中的不确定性及外界的干扰,以保证船舶编队控制的精确性;运用Lyapunov理论验证船舶编队控制律的稳定性。[结果]仿真结果表明,采用所提控制策略使整个编队系统误差在5 s左右趋近于0,从而实现了稳定。[结论]该控制策略能有效控制船舶编队,且控制速度快、时效性好。     

基于编队海上列车概念的多艇编队航行水动力分析

以某型特种滑行艇为基础计算模型单元，基于编队海上列车概念，提出4种典型编队形式并进行计算流体动力学（Computational Fluid Dynamics，CFD）计算，探索多艇编队航行的减阻可行性，并开展多艇编队航行水动力分析，对指导海上多船编队航行具有一定的借鉴参考意义。