Effects of intersection field of view on emergent collision avoidance performance at unsignalized intersections: analysis based on driving simulator experiments

Proper intersection sight distance can effectively lower the possibility of intersection accidents. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (2011) provide a series of recommended dimensions of intersection sight triangles for uncontrolled and stop/yield‐controlled intersections. However, in reality, although the actual intersection design for unsignalized intersections satisfies the requirements of sight distance and clear sight triangle in American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials' guideline, there are still a large number of crashes occurring at unsignalized intersections for drivers running stop/yield signs or failing to slow down. This paper presents a driving simulator study on pre‐crash at intersections under three intersection field of view (IFOV) conditions. The aim was to explore whether better IFOVs at unsignalized intersections improve their emergent collision avoidance performance under an assumption of valid intersection sight distance design. The experimental results show drivers' ability to identify potential hazards to be significantly affected by their IFOVs. As drivers' IFOV improved, drivers were more likely to choose braking actions to avoid collisions. Better IFOVs were also associated with significant increases in brake time to intersection and significant reductions in deceleration rate and crash rate, thus leading to a lower risk of traffic crash involvement. The results indicate that providing a better IFOV for drivers at intersections should be encouraged in practical applications in order to improve drivers' crash avoidance capabilities. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

技术人与道德人——论贺麟的儒者型个人观

在现代个人话语的设计上，贺麟提出儒者型的个人观。这是一种颇有新意、很有价值的现代个人观。从道德行为的角度看，儒者是“合理性”、“合时代”和“合人情”的现代个人。从道德理想的角度看，儒者是有使命感的个人。从自我观的角度看，儒者是现实自我与理想自我的统一。从总体上说，贺麟把儒者看作“技术人”和“道德人”的结合体。这一个人观与犹太思想家索罗维齐克的个人观比较接近，索罗维齐克把个人看作“技术人”和“宗教人”的结合。这种“接近”至少说明贺麟的儒者型的个人观具有普世性意义与当代价值。     

解析《简·爱》中的女性哥特主义元素

《简.爱》是英国十九世纪出版发行的古典名著之一.夏洛特.勃朗特用独特的女性视角创作的具有哥特特点的小说带给读者的不仅是恐怖阴森的感受和体验,而且更为重要的是小说为传统女性的生存和发展划出了一片新天地.本文从女性哥特主义视角解析《简.爱》,正是为了加深对小说这一文学主题的了解.     

制度:唯物史观的重要范畴

制度问题是近年来我国理论界关注的一个十分重要的热点问题。人们从不同角度对制度进行了具体的探讨和研究，涉及经济学、政治学、社会学等多个学科。本文以为．制度不仅是各学科的研究对象，更是唯物史观的重要范畴。唯物史观视野中的制度概念，是指建立在社会生产和社会关系基础之上的并体现一定历史阶段的社会思想状况的人的行为规范。将制度纳入唯物史观的范畴体系，一方面为我们提供了一个关于制度本质的一般说明，同时也为诸如制度变迁、制度创新等制度问题的深入研究提供一个必要的前提。     

磁悬浮线路景观三维几何建模

本文利用MultiGen建模工具，结合Visual C＋＋，OpenGL，OpenGL Performer软件系统开发平台，开发了磁悬浮线路三维场景的实时动态浏览平台，实现了线路设计过程和设计成果的可视化。在此系统开发过程中，主要涉及的内容有：磁悬浮线路景观模型的建立，视点控制坐标的推导，实时动态浏览中的动画生成过程原理的阐述。     

社会资本应纳入唯物史观范畴

本文从唯物史观的视角对社会资本的概念作了重新界定，阐述了社会资本的产生、构成和双重社会功能。进而指出，确立科学的社会资本范畴，把它纳入唯物史观的范畴体系，可以深化唯物史观的研究，开拓历史唯物主义研究的新视野。     

玉树地震遗址补强加固方法

研究目的:2010年4月14日,玉树发生了7.1级强烈地震.居民住房大量倒塌,重灾区结古镇几乎夷为平地.为纪念这特定的历史事件,受地震破坏的玉树格萨尔宾馆被定位为地震遗址加以保护,需对其进行抢险加固,通过对格萨尔宾馆加固方案设计研究和施工的总结,为今后此类项目提供借鉴和参考.研究结论:通过对格萨尔宾馆加固方案研究、设计和施工,总结出地震遗址加固保护工作的要点为:在加固工程施工前,首先对现场仔细调查评估,合理安排工序.先施工防止建筑物倾覆的工程,后实施对建筑物结构补强加固的工程;要根据对现场最新的实际调查和认识,要不断对加固设计进行调整和优化,以有效地做好施工安全和遗址的保护工作;加固施工期间和完成后,对建筑物主要部位设置监测点,通过动态监测,确切掌握建筑物的变形变化情况,以保证建筑物和施工人员的安和评价加固保护效果.     

历史性城市的保护和发展

历史性城市既要保护又要发展。如何处理保护与发展这对矛盾,值得人们探讨。该文认为,对历史城市的遗产采取有扬有弃的态度是可以将其统一起来,例如上海的新天地与安徽的凤凰城。接着,叙述了安庆古城采取诸如"保起来"、"亮出来"、"串起来"、"用起来"的保护策略,可供参考。     

Analysis of the evolvement of contact wire wear irregularity in railway catenary based on historical data

This paper studies the evolvement of the wear irregularity of contact wire using wire thickness data measured yearly from a section of railway catenary. The power spectral density and time–frequency representation based on the wavelet transform are employed for data analysis, with an emphasis on local wear irregularities that are crucial for contact wire condition assessment. To investigate the cause of wear irregularity evolvement and the mutual influence with the pantograph–catenary dynamic interaction, simulations considering the influence of wear irregularity are carried out based on the finite element method. Analyses of the actual wear irregularities and the dynamic contact force under singular and complex wear irregularities are performed. Although the wear irregularity has limited impact on the pantograph–catenary interaction, it can induce the vibration of pantograph and contact wire that will lead to a notable increase of contact force standard deviation. The evolvement of wear irregularity is closely associated with the span length and dropper distribution of catenary structure and the running direction of pantograph. In addition, it is found feasible to detect the wear irregularity based on contact force, on condition that the sampling frequency is high enough to reflect the indicative frequencies.     

基于深度分层图的虚拟视点合成方法的研究

提出了一种基于深度图分层的虚拟视点合成算法,该方法先采用均值漂移聚类算法将深度图进行分割处理,使得深度图中的对象块有同一深度值,然后对视频信息以及处理后的深度信息进行3D图像转换,再对图像中的空洞进行填充处理,完成了虚拟视点合成。实验结果表明,与通过MVC编码后合成的虚拟视点相比,该方案改进了合成图中对象边缘的质量问题。