基于云模型的出行时间波动性评价

出行时间波动的评价计算是一个定量算法,人们对其的理解则是一个定性的模糊概念,要充分利用出行时间波动这一概念来研究相关的交通问题需实现定量向定性转化的过程.云模型能够实现用语言描述的定性概念与其定量表示之间的不确定性转换.基于此,文中提出了一种出行时间波动评价的新方法,即利用云模型进行出行时间波动评价.介绍了云模型的基本概念,提出了利用云模型评价出行时间波动的流程,即构建波动标准云,波动实际云并比较其相似度评价出行时间波动.利用南京市5路公交车线路的统计数据进行实例计算,说明该方法的具有普遍适用性.     

Leave the expressway or not？ Impact of dynamic information

This study investigates drivers＇ diversion decision behavior under expressway variable message signs that provide travel time of both an expressway route and a local street route. Both a conventional cross-sectional logit model and a mixed logit model are developed to model drivers＇ response to travel time information. It is based on the data collected from a stated preference survey in Shanghai, China. The mixed logit model captures the heterogeneity in the value of ＂travel time＂ and ＂number of traffic lights＂ and accounts for correlations among repeated choices of the same respondent. Results show that travel time saving and driving experience serve as positive factors, while the number of traffic lights on the arterial road, expressway use frequency, being a middle-aged driver, and being a driver of an employer-provided car serve as negative factors in diversion. The mixed logit model obviously outperforms the cross-sectional model in dealing with repeated choices and capturing heterogeneity regarding the goodness-of-fit criterion. The significance of standard deviations of random coefficients for travel time and number of traffic lights evidences the existence of hetero- geneity in the driver population. The findings of this study have implications for future efforts in driver behaviormodeling and advanced traveler information system assessment.     

基于改进蚁群算法的应急救援路径规划

应急救援路径规划不同于普通的路径规划,其目标为用最短的时间对待救援目标实施救援,因此无须考虑返回时间。同时,不同于以往路径规划单个目标点的情况,待救援目标可以有一个或多个。提出一种基于改进蚁群算法的应急救援路径规划方法,设置夸张系数Qa,并定义“虚拟边”,解决当前点的邻接待访问点中有多个目标点的问题。为提高收敛性,对信息素蒸发系数进行改进。该方法能快速找到一条从待救援点到多个目标点的优化路径,实验结果表明算法的有效性。     

关于我国高速铁路列车运行图缓冲时间的研究

本文借鉴既有研究成果,从定量的角度研究了高速铁路列车运行图缓冲时间的优化取值问题。首先对缓冲时间的定义及分类等基本理论进行了总结,然后以某一列车初始晚点对后续列车造成的后效晚点时间总和为目标函数,研究这一总时间与缓冲时间取值的函数变化趋势,得出了缓冲时间在不同情况下的合理取值建议和方法。     

An exploratory analysis of joint-activity participation characteristics using the American time use survey

This paper presents a detailed exploratory analysis of joint activity participation characteristics using the American Time Use Survey (ATUS). As a very large nationwide survey that explicitly elicited information on both household and non-household companions for each activity episode, the ATUS is ideally suited for this analysis. Several intuitive and interesting results are obtained. Joint episodes are found to be of longer durations, significantly likely to take place at the residence of other people, and often confined to certain time periods of the weekday. In addition, important differences in these characteristics are also observed based on activity purpose, companion type, and the day of the week. These findings are intended to provide the basis for the justification of detailed collection of joint activity–travel participation information in household activity–travel surveys, and also as a stimulant for further empirical analysis and modeling of joint activity participation behavior.

A simulation framework for evaluating airport gate assignments

There are many factors that affect gate assignments in an airport's operations. These factors include static gate assignments, stochastic flight delays and real-time gate assignments. Most research on gate assignments in the past has laid stress on improving the performance of static gate assignments. None has analyzed the interrelationship between static gate assignments and real-time gate assignments as affected by the stochastic flight delays that occur in real operations. In addition, none has designed flexible buffer times for static gate assignments to effectively absorb stochastic delays in real-time gate assignments. This research proposes a simulation framework, that is not only able to analyze the effects of stochastic flight delays on static gate assignments, but can also evaluate flexible buffer times and real-time gate assignment rules. Finally, a simulation based on Chiang Kai-Shek airport operations is performed to evaluate the simulation framework.     

Vehicle reidentification and travel time measurement on congested freeways

The paper presents an algorithm for matching individual vehicles measured at a freeway detector with the vehicles’ corresponding measurements taken earlier at another detector located upstream. Although this algorithm is potentially compatible with many vehicle detector technologies, the paper illustrates the method using existing dual-loop detectors to measure vehicle lengths. This detector technology has seen widespread deployment for velocity measurement. Since the detectors were not developed to measure vehicle length, these measurements can include significant errors. To overcome this problem, the algorithm exploits drivers’ tendencies to retain their positions within dense platoons. The otherwise complicated task of vehicle reidentification is carried out by matching these platoons rather than individual vehicles. Of course once a vehicle has been matched across neighboring detector stations, the difference in its arrival time at each station defines the vehicle’s travel time on the intervening segment.Findings from an application of the algorithm over a 1/3 mile long segment are presented herein and they indicate that a sufficient number of vehicles can be matched for the purpose of traffic surveillance. As such, the algorithm extracts travel time data without requiring the deployment of new detector technologies. In addition to the immediate impacts on traffic monitoring, the work provides a means to quantify the potential benefits of emerging detector technologies that promise to extract more detailed information from individual vehicles.     

一种基于联运产品服务效率的运输收益清算方法

既有多式联运收益清算一般按照各方式运输距离及费率确定,未充分考虑运输时间效率和外部性(如碳排放)对于联运服务竞争力的影响,导致收益清算与联运服务竞争力的分离,限制了联运服务的发展.本文据此提出了基于各方式运输时间效率及碳排放的收益清算方法,该方法考虑了各方式运输时间及运输时间比例的变化,并通过权重系数来满足不同联运环境下收益清算的需要“. 渝新欧”多式联运的实例结果表明,本文方法可提高运输效率较高、绿色低碳方式的收益占比,如当公路时间不变,铁路运输时间由目前的 14.9 d缩短至 9.0 d时,其收益由 95.0%提升至 98.9%.运输时间及其比例的权重系数案例显示,其他条件一定时,不同的权重系数下铁路的收益占比相差约3%,因此需根据实际联运环境确定合理的权重系数.     

考虑动态红灯排队消散时间的改进MAXBAND模型

通过分析上游交叉口的驶出车流图式的变化规律,得到下游交叉口红灯排队消散时间与相邻交叉口相位差之间的函数关系,推导出动态红灯排队消散时间模型.并将动态红灯排队消散时间模型与传统MAXBAND模型相合,考虑绿波带控制中红灯排队消散时间随相位差的动态变化,建立了改进的MAXBAND模型.将改进的MAXBAND模型进行变量代换,使其仍然可用传统的混合整数线性规划方法快速地求解.示例路网的计算结果与仿真分析表明,由于考虑了红灯排队消散时间的动态变化,改进的MAXBAND模型较原模型具有更好的控制效果,处于绿波带中的车队不会因下游红灯排队车辆未消散完毕而产生停滞,实际有效绿波带宽增加31.6%,主干方向车辆平均延误减少12.6%.     

基于时间-费用约束的虚拟物流企业项目分解研究

考虑时间和费用约束条件下的虚拟物流企业项目分解.找出虚拟物流网络中的最短时延路,若该路的时延大于时间约束,则虚拟物流企业盟主认为不能在规定时间内完成该虚拟物流项目,拒绝该物流项目;反之,则从所有满足时间约束的路中挑出一条最小费用的路,通过此路进行分解,若时间和费用都满足虚拟物流企业盟主的期望,则接受该虚拟物流项目.并给出一个算例.