基于有限元模型深海潜航器观察窗受力分析

大深度载人潜航器观察窗作为驾驶员观察周围环境的窗口,其受力情况复杂,直接影响整机的安全性,针对其受力情况进行分析.在传统理论分析方法的基础上,提出适用于锥台形观察窗位移、应力分析的方法,建立相应的位移和应力的理论分析模型,对2种边界条件下的位移和应力进行分析;利用有限元分析软件,对比理论计算和有限元分析结果,分析无网格和有网格2种方法的差异与优劣;建立观察窗位移试验台,对主、侧观察窗的轴向位移开展试验研究,并对试验结果进行分析拟合,最后将试验拟合结果与理论计算和有限元分析结果进行对比.对观察窗的Fatigue Life进行分析,分析的疲劳寿命结果代入Miner理论公式中,计算大观察窗和小观察窗的疲劳损伤情况.结果表明:理论计算结果可以较好地反应观察窗上的位移分布,有限元分析结果偏大;主观察窗的使用寿命为26432 Circle,侧观察窗的使用寿命为21359 Circle.     

半潜式海洋平台动力定位的动态面自抗扰控制

通过引入动态面控制思想对扩张状态观测器及非线性状态误差反馈控制律进行改造,设计一种动态面自抗扰控制器,并将其用于海洋平台动力定位系统的控制问题上.动态面扩张状态观测器的设计是为了提高系统的扰动估计能力,动态面非线性状态误差反馈控制律的设计是为了提高系统的稳定性与控制效率.仿真实验表明,改进后的动态面自抗扰动力定位控制系统对扰动的估计能力明显提升,系统的抗扰能力与鲁棒性得到增强,同时其具有较好的控制品质和响应特性,进而提高了海洋平台的定位精度.     

色彩在船舶上的应用与安全

船舶上的色彩应用会直接影响海员的情绪、情感,进而影响到海员的身心健康和工作效率。分析和研究色彩的特性,将有利于揭示色彩与环境以及色彩与情绪、行为的关系,为色彩设计提供依据,给海员一个温馨的生活和安全的工作环境,以消除色彩搭配不当对海员造成的不良影响,减少人为因素导致的海上事故的发生。     

构建LNG船培训体系 强化人力资源保障机制

沪东中华造船（集团）有限公司为确保国内前艘大型液化天然气船的成功建造,尽快培养一批满足LNG船建造要求的高素质人才,建立了LNG船培训体系。该文较为详细地介绍了组成该培训体系的LNG船培训保证系统、LNG船培训课程系统、LNG船培训运行系统及LNG船培训评估反馈系统的有关情况。     

舰艇直航时电罗经航向自抗扰控制方法研究

为减小舰船直航向运动情况下风、流、摇摆等对电罗经航向造成的随机误差影响,提高舰船直航向运动时电罗经指向精度,采用高阶AR模型对其随机误差进行建模,确定模型阶数,获得了较为准确的误差模型.同时,基于建立的模型,对电罗经航向随机误差进行预测,利用前期预测值结合自抗扰控制技术对随机扰动进行抑制.通过与H∞ Kalman滤波器进行对比表明,采用自抗扰控制技术与高阶AR模型结合的方法较为有效地抑制了电罗经航向随机误差过程,为减小电罗经直航向误差提供一种行之有效的方法.     

From suspended particles to strata: The fate of terrestrial substances in the Gaoping (Kaoping) submarine canyon

The river–sea system consisting of the Gaoping (new spelling according to the latest government's directive, formerly spelled Kaoping) River (KPR), shelf, and Submarine Canyon (KPRSC) located off southern Taiwan is an ideal natural laboratory to study the source, pathway, transport, and fate of terrestrial substances. In 2004 during the flood season of the KPR, a system-wide comprehensive field experiment was conducted to investigate particle dynamics from a source-to-sink perspective in the KPRSC with the emphasis on the effect of particle size on the transport, settling, and sedimentation along the pathway. This paper reports the findings from (1) two sediment trap moorings each configured with a Technicap PPS 3/3 sediment trap, and an acoustic current meter (Aquadopp); (2) concurrent hydrographic profiling and water sampling was conducted over 8 h next to the sediment trap moorings; and (3) box-coring in the head region of the submarine canyon near the mooring sites. Particle samples from sediment traps were analyzed for mass fluxes, grain-size composition, total organic carbon (TOC) and nitrogen (TN), organic matter (OM), carbonate, biogenic opal, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), lithogenic silica and aluminum, and foraminiferal abundance. Samples from box cores were analyzed for grain-size distribution, TOC, particulate organic matter (POM), carbonate, biogenic opal, water content, and ²¹⁰Pb_ex. Water samples were filtered through 500, 250, 63, 10 µm sieves and 0.4 µm filter for the suspended sediment concentration of different size-classes.Results show that the river and shelf do not supply all the suspended particles near the canyon floor. The estimated mass flux near the canyon floor exceeds 800 g/m²/day, whose values are 2–7 times higher than those at the upper rim of the canyon. Most of the suspended particles in the canyon are fine-grained (finer than medium silt) lithogenic sediments whose percentages are 90.2% at the upper rim and 93.6% in the deeper part of the canyon.As suspended particles settle through the canyon, their size-composition shows a downward fining trend. The average percentage of clay-to-fine-silt particles (0.4–10 µm) in the water samples increases from 22.7% above the upper rim of the canyon to 56.0% near the bottom of the canyon. Conversely, the average percentage of the sand-sized (> 63 µm) suspended particles decreases downward from 32.0% above the canyon to 12.0% in the deeper part of the canyon. Correspondingly, the substrate of the canyon is composed largely of hemipelagic lithogenic mud. Parallel to this downward fining trend is the downward decrease of concentrations of suspended nonlithogenic substances such as TOC and PAH, despite of their affinity to fine-grained particles.On the surface of the canyon, down-core variables (grain size, ²¹⁰Pb_ex activity, TOC, water content) near the head region of the canyon show post-depositional disturbances such as hyperpycnite and turbiditic deposits. These deposits point to the occurrences of erosion and deposition related to high-density flows such as turbidity currents, which might be an important process in submarine canyon sedimentation.     

THE CLONING OF HUMAN NEUROTROPHIN-3 GENE

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敏感环境条件下地铁停车场桥基施工对下伏高铁隧道群的扰动效应研究

深圳地铁6号线民乐停车场工程上跨3条高速铁路隧道,具有结构复杂、环境敏感、地质复杂、施工难度大、工期紧张及施工风险高的特点。为了准确分析和合理评估复杂地质环境条件下大直径桩基开挖对运营高铁隧道安全运营的影响,运用三维数值模拟软件分析了该地铁停车场桥基施工对下部侧穿高铁填土隧道的扰动效应。数值计算结果表明,在多种开挖方案和技术条件下,大直径桩基的开挖成孔不会造成紧邻地铁停车场下方各运营高铁隧道的变形和受力状态的明显改变,整体处于施工安全范围内,表明桩基施工不会危及高铁隧道的结构安全和列车的行车安全。结论对该工程建设及高铁隧道安全运营具有一定的指导意义,可供类似地质条件下相互毗邻、复杂交接工程的设计与施工参考。     

思小高速公路野象谷段路域亚洲象活动规律

为了有效保障思小高速公路野象谷段运营安全及路域亚洲象种群生态完整性,于2018年4月10日至2019年10月18日对该路段亚洲象（Elephas maximus）经常活动的4个区域布设20台红外相机进行监测,研究该路域亚洲象的活动规律。结果显示,亚洲象对高速公路桥梁和隧道周边的生境均有利用,日活动节律最频繁的时间段是夜间和黄昏,季节活动节律高峰是1月至7月,其中3月份的活动程度最高。研究表明,亚洲象对高速公路没有明显的回避行为,但监测区内人为干扰对亚洲象的日活动节律影响比较严重;季节活动节律与雨季和旱季的气候特征相关。目前中国境内发生的车辆与亚洲象直接相撞事故较少,考虑未来交通网络发展对亚洲象生境的间接影响,建议在该地区开展交通基础设施规划时,将亚洲象及其生境作为专项内容进行评价,评价结果纳入规划的参考因素。     

浅析人力资源价值的会计计量方法

人力资源价值会计的计量主要不是以投入价值而是以产出价值作为人力资源价值的计量基础。这是在现有的国际形势和我国经济发展中逐渐得到认可和使用的,尤其是今年的新会计准则出台更加注重了对公允价值模式的计量和核算。研究了人力资源价值会计的主要计量方法,从而推动人力资源价值会计在我国的全面应用。