层次分析法在宁波港锚地选择中的应用

随着宁波港的快速发展,港口与锚地发展的矛盾日显突出,锚地规划及功能的划分也极不合理。本文通过AHP方法进行分析,得出锚地选择的合理性方案。     

Determination of Critical Slip Surface of Soil Slope

A new complex method is presented considering not only the improvement upon the ＂bad ＂design point, but also the diversity of the newly generated complex, which is obtained by replacing the ＂bad ＂design point with the better design point located at the line between the ＂bad ＂design point and the ceotroid of the remaining design points of the old complex. The new complex method is applied to searching for the critical slip surface of two non-homogeneous soil slopes. The comparison of the results obtained by the new complex method with that by the basic complex method shows that the new complex method is much more likely to find the true critical surface for the randomly generated initial complex.     

转K2型转向架弹簧载荷识别及其对弹簧寿命影响的研究

用试验的方法得到在垂直载荷作用下弹簧45°方向应力和最大主应力之间的差异,用有限元法计算了弹簧在横向、垂向加载时的载荷识别系数。根据线路实测动应力识别出转K2型转向架弹簧在运用工况下的2种载荷。最后根据载荷计算出弹簧的应力,利用疲劳损伤模型计算出损伤,得出了2种载荷对疲劳寿命的影响。     

GTM的压实原理及设计指标与路用性能的相关性分析

GTM的设计思路提出解决目前汽车触地压强不断上升的途径,应用GTM减少沥青路面在重载交通下出现车辙、推移等剪切破坏.试验证明,沥青路面的表现与GTM的设计指标存在良好的相关性,因此GTM具有很好的推广价值.     

Organic carbon budget for the Gulf of Bothnia

We calculated input of organic carbon to the unproductive, brackish water basin of the Gulf of Bothnia from rivers, point sources and the atmosphere. We also calculated the net exchange of organic carbon between the Gulf of Bothnia and the adjacent marine system, the Baltic Proper. We compared the input with sinks for organic carbon; permanent incorporation in sediments and mineralization and subsequent evasion of CO₂ to the atmosphere. The major fluxes were riverine input (1500 Gg C year^− 1), exchange with the Baltic Proper (depending on which of several possible DOC concentration differences between the basins that was used in the calculation, the flux varied between an outflow of 466 and an input of 950 Gg C year^− 1), sediment burial (1100 Gg C year^− 1) and evasion to the atmosphere (3610 Gg C year^− 1). The largest single net flux was the emission of CO₂ to the atmosphere, mainly caused by bacterial mineralization of organic carbon. Input and output did not match in our budget which we ascribe uncertainties in the calculation of the exchange of organic carbon between the Gulf of Bothnia and the Baltic Proper, and the fact that CO₂ emission, which in our calculation represented 1 year (2002) may have been overestimated in comparison with long-term means. We conclude that net heterotrophy of the Gulf of Bothnia was due to input of organic carbon from both the catchment and from the Baltic Proper and that the future degree of net heterotrophy will be sensible to both catchment export of organic carbon and to the ongoing eutrophication of the Baltic Proper.     

影响沥青路面平整度因素分析及处治措施

从影响沥青路面平整度的各个方面查原因、找对策,总结对道路施工平整度的控制,特别是沥青路面施工平整度控制的经验,为公路设计和施工提供一定的参考.     

用高温超导线圈和常导线圈构成的混合式电磁悬浮系统

常导电磁吸力悬浮系统悬浮气隙小、悬浮功率大,电动斥力悬浮系统不能实现静止悬浮、磁场污染大。由于受电流变化率限制,单独采用高温超导线圈构成的电磁吸力悬浮系统不能实现稳定悬浮。经分析比较,提出了一种用高温超导线圈和常导线圈构成的混合式电磁吸力型悬浮系统方案。采用这种混合式悬浮方案可增大悬浮气隙、实现稳态"零"功率悬浮、减轻车体重量、降低制冷费用、且无磁场污染。     

论人才队伍建设与企业跨越式发展

本文结合中国铁路工程总公司人力资源管理工作实践 ,论述了建设高素质人才队伍和学习型机制在企业发展中的重要作用 ,指出了高素质的企业家、高水平的专家、高技能的技师和高效率的政工干部等四支人才队伍培养的核心和重点 ,并分析了人力资源管理创新中的几个关键问题     

Experimental ivnestigation on flow fields of viscous fluid around two-dimensional wings and comparison with computational results

To examine the flow field of a viscous fluid around the trailing edge of a wing with respect to the Kutta condition or the Joukowski hypothesis, an experimental investigation into the velocity fields around two-dimensional (2D) wings NACA0012 and NACA4412 was carried out using an X-type hot-wire anemometer in a wind tunnel and the method of colored milk injection in a circulating water channel. The results of these investigations revealed that the flow of a viscous fluid at the trailing edge of a 2D wing is tangential to the face on the pressure side, and that the flow is very slow or reversed on the suction side due to separation when the angle of attack is greater than 7.5°. By flow visualization, a Kármán vortex street was found in the wake of both wings (NACA0012 and NACA4412) when the angle of attack was 5°. These results show that the ordinary Kutta condition with respect to the direction of outflow at the trailing edge is not necessarily satisfied in a viscous fluid, but the Kutta condition with respect to the pressure at the trailing edge is satisfied as usual. Numerical results, which have been obtained as the solution of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations, show good agreement with above-mentioned experimental results. Therefore, CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation has proved to be very effective for studying steady viscous flow around the trailing edge of a 2D wing.     

船舶压载水不同处理方法的经济性分析

对船舶压载水不同处理方法所需费用和代价进行了简要评述。