高速铁路异物侵限监测网设置范围计算公式的完善

高速铁路异物侵限监测系统是高速铁路重要的基础设施,其监测网的安装范围正确与否将直接关系到高速铁路的运输安全,原铁道部运输局2010年颁布的《高速铁路防灾安全监控系统-公跨铁立交桥异物侵限监测方案》提供了公跨铁立交桥异物侵限监测电网设置范围的计算公式。通过举例分析发现,当公跨铁立交桥与铁路线的夹角大于70°时,该计算公式得出的计算结果偏小,甚至还会出现负值的不合理现象,对高速铁路运营安全产生不利影响,因此有必要对该计算公式进行修改完善。根据公跨铁立交桥与铁路线的夹角大小分(0,70°)、[70°,90°)、[90°,180°)三个区间进行讨论,并利用三角函数法,研究得出一整套新的计算公式。研究成果表明,用新的计算公式得出的公跨铁立交桥异物侵限监测电网设置范围更加科学合理,提高了高速铁路异物侵限监测系统的安全监控性能。     

双片预制圆孔板剪力墙抗震性能试验

针对预制混凝土圆孔板承重体系,进行了4个设置现浇边缘构件的双片预制圆孔板剪力墙试件的拟静力试验。结果显示：试件墙体与基础梁之间出现贯通的水平裂缝,边缘构件几乎沿全高出现水平裂缝,预制墙布满了斜裂缝;预制墙与现浇边缘构件交界面、预制墙与竖向连接缝交界面开裂。试件的破坏形态为弯剪破坏。名义屈服前,墙底截面竖向钢筋应变分布基本符合平截面假定。位移延性系数大于5,极限位移角大于1/100。试件可等效为实墙,按现行规范计算其承载力。根据试验结果,提出了改进预制墙与现浇混凝土之间连接竖缝的建议。     

102 m系杆拱桥跨铁路站场顶推施工技术

通过石环高速公路东互通立交桥的施工实践,研究总结了长距离、大跨径系杆拱桥、钢筋混凝土箱梁跨密集型铁路站场顶推施工的方案设计和顶推施工及质量控制措施,对同类桥梁的顶推施工具有很好的借鉴作用。     

高水压条件下盾构隧道联络通道及集水井施工力学行为研究

以武汉地铁越长江盾构隧道江中段联络通道及集水井为依托,提出一种适合砂性地层高水压条件下地下结构施工力学行为数值模拟的计算处理方法。即耦合使用地层-结构法和荷载-结构法,对土体和水体进行分别处理。其中,地层依据地层-结构法按实际地层建模,容重采用干容重;水体则作为荷载直接施加在结构表面,水体所产生荷载根据施工过程施加;结构未修建之前按水压施加在底部透水性较差基岩上进行地层初始应力场计算。将上述方法应用于武汉地铁越长江盾构隧道联络通道及集水井施工力学行为数值模拟中,得出影响钢管片、联络通道衬砌和集水井衬砌变形及应力分布的关键因素;验证提出的适合砂性地层高水压计算处理方法的可行性,并提出针对性建议。     

轨道交通车站应急疏散乘客心理行为影响因素分析

轨道交通车站突发事件下乘客的心理行为对安全疏散具有重要影响。将轨道交通车站应急疏散乘客心理行为影响因素概括为环境信息、引导信息、受度信息及乘客基础信息等四个方面,并加以分析。探讨了影响因素的作用机制,针对相应因素提出了指导应急疏散的建议。     

交通信息服务条件下的出行选择分析

首先 ,探讨了出行者的出行心理、行为以及信息之间的相互关系 ,在此基础上 ,简要分析了出行者的出行选择。其次 ,考虑在交通信息服务条件下 ,由于出行者本身以及信息方面的原因 ,出行选择可能出现过激反应、集聚反应等问题。最后 ,针对上述问题 ,提出应该加以重视的或有待进一步研究的几个问题。     

Neighborhood services,trip purpose,and tour-based travel

Communities are increasingly looking to land use planning strategies to reduce drive-alone travel. Many planning efforts aim to develop neighborhoods with higher levels of accessibility that will allow residents to shop closer to home and drive fewer miles. To better understand how accessible land use patterns relate to household travel behavior, this paper is divided into three sections. The first section describes the typical range of services available in areas with high neighborhood accessibility. It explains how trip-based travel analysis is limited because it does not consider the linked (chained) nature of most travel. The second section describes a framework that provides a more behavioral understanding of household travel. This framework highlights travel tours, the sequence of trips that begin and end at home, as the basic unit of analysis. The paper offers a typology of travel tours to account for different travel purposes; by doing so, this typology helps understand tours relative to the range of services typically offered in accessible neighborhoods. The final section empirically analyzes relationships between tour type and neighborhood access using detailed travel data from the Central Puget Sound region (Seattle, Washington). Households living in areas with higher levels of neighborhood access are found to complete more tours and make fewer stops per tour. They make more simple tours (out and back) for work and maintenance (personal, appointment, and shopping) trip purposes but there is no difference in the frequency of other types of tours. While they travel shorter distances for maintenance-type errands, a large portion of their maintenance travel is still pursued outside the neighborhood. These findings suggest that while higher levels of neighborhood access influences travel tours, it does not spur households to complete the bulk of their errands close to home.     

新型纤维增强混凝土梁的抗弯冲击特性

为了研究纤维增强混凝土梁的抗弯冲击特性．利用自制的自由落锤抗弯冲击试验装置，测定了不同体积掺率下细直径的腈纶纤维、聚酯纤维、玻璃纤维，粗直径的聚丙烯纤维和哑铃形钢纤维增强混凝土梁的抗弯冲击力学性能。试验表明：纤维增强混凝土梁的冲击次数与纤维品种和体积掺率有关；当细直径纤维的体积掺率为0．07％～O．27％时，纤维增强混凝土梁的初裂、破坏冲击次数分别为素混凝土的1．1～4．5倍和1．1～4．4倍；当粗直径纤维的体积掺率为O．5％～1．4％时，纤维增强混凝土梁的初裂、破坏冲击次数分别为素混凝土梁的2．4～4．6倍和5．2～31．0倍。细纤维增强混凝土梁的初裂冲击性能优于粗纤维增强混凝土梁．粗纤维增强混凝土梁的破坏冲击性能和冲击延性明显优于细纤维增强混凝土梁。     

An Exploration of the Relationship between Timing and Duration of Maintenance Activities

The timing and duration of an activity episode are two important temporal aspects of activity-travel behavior. Understanding the causal relationship between these two variables would be useful in the development of activity-based travel demand modeling systems. This paper investigates the relationship between these two variables by considering two different causal structures – one structure in which time-of-day choice is determined first and influences duration and a second structure in which activity duration is determined first and affects time-of-day choice. These two structures are estimated within a discrete-continuous simultaneous equations framework employing a full-information maximum likelihood methodology that allows error covariance. The estimation is performed separately for commuter and non-commuter samples drawn from a 1996 household travel survey data set from the Tampa Bay area in Florida. The results of the model estimation effort show that the causal structure in which activity duration precedes or affects activity timing (time of day choice) performs better for the non-commuter sample. For the commuter sample, the findings were less conclusive with both causal structures offering equally good statistical measures of fit. In addition, for the commuter sample, all error correlations were found to be zero. These two findings suggest that time of day choice and activity episode duration are only loosely related for the commuter sample, possibly due to the relatively non-discretionary and inflexible work activity and travel.     

基于数据挖掘的城市机动车停车调查分析研究

进行城市机动车停车场规划前需要开展停车场调查,以得到停车场的基本特征参数、机动车进出记录和停车者的停车行为等信息。通过数据挖掘中的一些方法可以在数据库中挖掘出有用的信息。根据机动车进出停车场的记录计算一系列的停车指标,并借助多元统计分析中典型相关分析的方法,分析停车指标与停车场基本特征参数之间的关系。然后利用关联规则挖掘停车问询调查数据中的潜在信息,分析停车者的行为特征,以掌握更多的停车信息。