气液-压溃组合式缓冲装置冲击吸能特性实验研究

动车组用中间车钩缓冲吸能装置主要由气液缓冲器和压溃管组成,为研究其工作场景中动态吸能特性,采用两辆台车与中间车钩连挂,撞向刚性墙进行冲击实验,台车冲击速度分别为7.19、18.7和25.7 km/h 3种工况。冲击作用下,气液缓冲器阻抗力具有明显的动态特性,最大压缩行程的阻抗力随冲击速度提升而增高,可达1500 kN,远高于其静压实验最大阻抗力800 kN;而压溃管动态阻抗力与静压结果基本一致为1500 kN;冲击速度为18.7和25.7 km/h,气液缓冲器压缩行程达到30 mm时,阻抗力达1200 kN,压溃管被触发压溃,气液缓冲器与压溃管同时进入压缩状态,一起压缩变形。     

Investigations on the ship-ice impact: Part 1. Experimental methodologies

In the structural design of the Polar Class ships, glancing impact with ice has been considered as the governing load scenario for dimensioning the bow structure. At present, non-linear transient dynamic analysis has been reckoned as a fundamental requirement in the assessment of the structural strength of ships with higher ice classes. Under such requirement, understanding of the dynamic characteristics of the ship-ice impact load appears significant importance. The present study aims to investigate the spatial and temporal variations of the impact loads by simulating the glancing impact events between a polar research vessel and giant ice floes in ice tank. The ship-ice impact loads were recorded by a grid-based tactile sensor attached on the bow area of the model ship. To achieve a reasonable simulation on the design scenario described by the IACS Unified Requirements for Polar Class Ships (UR I), a series of methodological calibration tests were preliminarily carried out to determine the key parameters that should be carefully monitored and controlled, accompanying with thorough discussions on the ship-ice impact process. This paper provides detailed information on the preliminary methodological calibrations and the tactile data processing techniques, including the identification of the ship-ice contact area, the depiction of the ice loading trail and the outline of the spatial distributions of local ice pressures. A companion paper provides detailed analyses and discussions regarding the spatial and temporal variation of the ice impact loads from the formal tests based on the proposed testing procedures obtained by the methodological calibrations.     

水中悬浮隧道受撞击作用的数值分析

针对水中悬浮隧道在偶然状况下受到的潜艇撞击问题,文章采用流固耦合方法,建立了撞击作用下浮筒式悬浮隧道的有限元动态模型,分别撞击跨中、隧道四分之一跨、浮筒,分析隧道变形、撞击力、连接钢管拉杆力、隧道端部约束力、隧道动能情况。结果表明:撞击作用下,隧道整体变形明显,结构内力大。不同撞击位置处,悬浮隧道在水下的结构变形和受力行为区别明显。对此,有必要考虑撞击位置进行悬浮隧道的抗撞击设计。     

Estimating fuel burn impacts of taxi-out delay with implications for gate-hold benefits

The aviation community is actively investigating initiatives to reduce aircraft fuel consumption from surface operations, as surface management strategies may face fewer implementation barriers compared with en route strategies. One fuel-saving initiative for the air transportation system is the possibility of holding aircraft at the gate, or the spot, until the point at which they can taxi unimpeded to the departure runway. The extent to which gate holding strategies have financial and environmental benefits hinges on the quantity of fuel that is consumed during surface operations. A pilot of an aircraft may execute the taxi procedure on a single engine or utilize different engine thrust rates during taxi because of a delay. In the following study, we use airline fuel consumption data to estimate aircraft taxi fuel consumption rates during the “unimpeded” and “delayed” portions of taxi time. We find that the fuel consumption attributed to a minute of taxi-out delay is less than that attributed to minute of unimpeded taxi time; for some aircraft types, the fuel consumption rate for a minute of taxi delay is half of that for unimpeded taxi. It is therefore not appropriate, even for rough calculations, to apply nominal taxi fuel consumption rates to convert delayed taxi-out time into fuel burn. On average we find that eliminating taxi delay would reduce overall flight fuel consumption by about 1%. When we consider the savings on an airport-by-airport basis, we find that for some airports the potential reduction from reducing taxi delay is as much as 2%.     

RV传动输出机构的刚性误差分析

ＲＶ传动中摆线轮与输出盘之间的输出机构是同三个双曲柄平行四边形机构组成的封闭式单自由度并联机构，由于构件长度制造偏差和铰链运动副中的径向间隙，摆线与输出盘之间会产生相对位置误差，这一误差数值还与构件的弹性有关。作为基础。本仅在刚体这的范畴内研究这一的数据，提出了关于一般四杆铰接机构刚性误差的计算模型，然后应用于平行四边形机构和ＲＶ传动的输出机构，最后给出数值计算例证。     

基于C/S模式的职称评审系统的研究

遵循海军专业技术职务评审工作的要求，对实现海军专业技术职务评审辅助系统中的一些关键技术进行了研究，然后列出了一些实际开发中所遇到的问题并给出了解决方案。     

A review of the effect of a/W ratio on fracture toughness (Ⅲ)——theoretical analysis

In partⅠandⅡof this series, experimental investigation in both EPFM and LEFM had been discussed. In this part, further theoretical analysis is given. The theoretical development of Two Parameter Fracture Mechanics by Hancock etc, has rationalized our experimental results. This method can be applied to engineering practice, and will allow the advantage of enhanced toughness for specimens with low levels of constraint to be taken into account for defect assessment.     

内燃机车管系统切割的优化组合

东风4型内燃机车的管系统由燃油、机油、冷却水、空气制动等子系统组成.其材料规格多,数量多,用经验法切割下料,原材料平均利用率仅为86.5%;采用优化组合方法进行切割,可使原材料平均利用率提高到99.1%.     

45钢冷形变后预多边化处理的研究

本文用电镜观察、拉伸试验、硬度试验、差热分析等方法研究了45钢冷形变后的预多边化处理对随后的回复、再结品过程的影响.结果表明,预多边化处理可推迟回复进程,促进再结晶的进行.最后还探讨了预多边化处理对冷形变强化效果遗传性的影响.     

旋振式内热干燥机的研制

本机器采用多层水平圆式输送料槽,并首次集振动输送与内热干煤为一体,结构紧凑新颖,干燥充分均匀,是较理想的颗粒原料干燥和热清洗设备.