空气层结对港口细煤粉污染扩散的影响分析

通过分析空气层结对港口细煤粉扩散的影响,得出离源0.5 km处稳定层结、中性层结及不稳定层结3种层结条件下污染物的浓度峰值分别为1.3 mg/m',0.27 mg/m'和0.02 mgW,同时得出5.5 m/s,7 m/s两种风速条件下的污染物浓度峰值.结果表明,湍流处于不稳定层结时,浓度分布峰值相对较小;随着层结逐渐...     

软土地区地铁环境振动对精密仪器的影响研究

为评估软土地区地铁环境振动对精密仪器的影响,基于环境振动分析预测有限元仿真模型,模拟实际工况下距线路不同距离上的不同楼层内地板的振动响应.模拟计算分析表明,距隧道中心线20 m、50 m、100 m 3种工况中,距隧道中心线20 m、50 m的建筑物内振动超过精密仪器对环境振动的要求限值,距隧道中心线100 m的建筑物...     

国外客车被动安全研究

近年来,国外大客车被动安全研究进展迅速,并取得了良好的效果。在欧美等国家,虽然公路客运量比重最大,但与其它交通工具相比,大客车交通事故死亡人数却是最少的,这与这些国家客车的被动安全研究有密切的关系。本文从国外客车事故统计与分析、被动安全研究方法以及目前正在研究的新项目等三方面对国外大型客车被动安全研究的状况进行介绍,以对我国刚刚起步的大客车被动安全的研究工作起到推动作用。     

独柱墩-固定式防船撞装置波浪荷载研究

以跨海航道桥梁安全为背景,进行独柱墩及独柱墩-固定式防船撞装置结构波浪力研究。开展室内缩尺试验,验证并校准Fluent三维数值模型的准确性和有效性。利用最小二乘法分解墩柱水动力为Morison方程的形式,计算得到结构水动力系数。考虑波浪高度、波浪周期、防撞装置断面形状和大小等影响因素,计算并拟合出墩柱水动力系数与相关因素间的定量关系。研究结果表明：固定式防船撞装置的存在增大了墩柱表面所受波压强,但不改变其总体分布趋势。当防撞装置断面为矩形,且波浪高度较大时,装置对墩柱受力特性的影响最明显。墩柱结构所受水动力中惯性力占主导,且可用均匀分布的惯性力系数来代替实际分布,独柱墩-固定式防船撞装置结构上的惯性力系数可以达到2.1左右。     

桥墩抗船撞击性能研究

桥梁在船舶碰撞时受到的动力载荷和响应是复杂的动力非线性问题。首先阐述了船桥碰撞常用的研究方法,同时简要介绍了数值模拟方法的基本原理。用非线性有限元程序LS-DANA对一艘5万t实船与桥梁的碰撞过程进行了仿真分析,研究了有、无防撞装置对桥梁冲击性能的影响,结果表明柔性防撞装置既能保护桥墩又保护了船的安全,计算结果为工程设计提供了有价值的数据。     

基于模糊综合评判的弗洛伊德(Floyed)方法在战时最佳机动路线选择中的应用

建立了一种基于模糊综合评判的Floyed方法来选择最佳机动道路的模型:首先确定道路评估指标体系,对每段道路进行二级模糊综合评估,以确定每段道路所对应的不同加权值;然后对每段道路重新赋值,并运用Floyed方法来确定最佳机动道路;最后,结合实例进行了求解,得到了综合各种信息后的战时机动的最佳路径。     

基于功效系数法的城市公交线网优化模型

城市公共交通线网优化是城市客运交通规划的重要部分之一。对现有公交线网进行优化,可以更有效地利用现有资源,解决城市交通问题。通过对城市公交线网优化的主要内容、优化模式、优化目标以及约束条件的分析,同时兼顾乘客出行时间、线网平均满载率、公交线网密度和公交线网的布局,对整个城市交通系统的影响提出优化目标的函数表达式及相应约束条件的数学表达式,建立公交线网优化的多目标模型。通过对模型的分析,提出可用功效系数法对模型进行寻优和评价。     

(Unintended) Transport impacts of an energy-environment policy: The case of CNG conversion of vehicles in Dhaka

Motor vehicles are one of the major sources of air pollution in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. The government took various policies to convert the petroleum vehicles on road to run on compressed natural gas (CNG), which allows both air quality improvements and energy security benefits. One of the market friendly policies to encourage the fuel switch was to increase the price differential between CNG and petrol and diesel. This has allowed a wide-scale adoption of CNG as the fuel of choice. However, several years into the policy, there is now a widespread belief among the policymakers that the CNG conversion may have increased car ownership and car travel due to their lower running costs, resulting in more congestion and a reversal of the strategy is on the cards. It is therefore important to test the hypothesis whether CNG conversion had genuinely increased car ownership and car travel in Dhaka city. This paper presents the results of a questionnaire survey and an econometric intervention analysis to understand the impact of CNG conversion on car ownership and car travel in Dhaka. Attention is also given to disentangle the self-selection and price-induced travel effects of CNG conversion. Results show that ownership did not increase, but travel of on-road vehicles increased due to the CNG policy. However, additional congestion costs are still around one half of the health benefits brought about by the policy.     

Analysis of Coastal Wetland Changes Using the “DPSIR” Model: A Case Study in Xiamen,China

Over the past several decades, human activities have had significant impacts on coastal wetlands worldwide. Here, using a model of “Drivers-Pressures-State-Impacts-Responses (DPSIR)” and data collected from coastal wetlands in Xiamen, China, we have analyzed temporal changes in regional coastal wetland ecosystem structure and function from 1950 through 2005. The study period was divided into four parts for comparative analysis: pre-1980s, 1980s, 1990s, and 2000 to present. Our results show that anthropogenic drivers of coastal wetland degradation in this region have increased substantially since 1950, and that this is correlated with a decline in coastal wetland function over the same period.     

冲击碾压技术在高速公路施工中的应用

在公路工程施工中，冲击碾压技术不仅能够使路基的强度和密实度得到提升，而且还可以使成本降低、沉降减小、施工效率提高。就高速公路施工中冲击碾压技术的原理和应用实例进行探讨，具有一定的理论和实际意义。