地质勘察是公路设计和确保工程质量的重要前提

地质勘察是公路设计和确保工程质量的重要前提。依据在高速公路的勘察、设计经验,对公路工程地质勘察的主要内容和重要性进行了分析和探讨。     

重要极限limx→0(1+x)1/x=e的推广及应用

本文对重要极限limx→0（1＋x）^1/2=e进行推广论证,然后将推广式运用到求解极限未定式“1”这类难度较大的题型中去,通过比较,推广式给出的计算方法简便易行,从而解决了教学中的一大难点,具有较好的实用性。     

A methodological approach for environmental characterization of ports

This paper introduces a methodology for the characterization of ports, employing specifically defined eco-efficiency indicators and combining typically available data (handled cargo, containers and passengers) with ship exhaust pollutants values (mainly NO_x, SO_x and PM) and anticipated external costs (ECs) due to emitted air pollutants to provide a collective overview of all port-related economic and environmental activities. The results from an applied case study allow a comparative evaluation of 16 selected ports based on 17 different evaluation criteria and denote that the employment of such an overall approach can allow port authorities to improve managerial aspects, potentially lower operational costs and promote reduced environmental effects.     

Environmental reform of West and Central Africa ports: the influence of colonial legacies

West and Central Africa ports have historically not paid much attention to environmental issues. In the past decade, however, environmental concerns are beginning to emerge with pockets of innovative responses to environmental risks as the ports undergo institutional and infrastructural reform – most notably, with concessions to multinational terminal operators. In this article, environmental management processes in the ports of Abidjan (Ivory Coast), Douala (Cameroon), Lagos (Nigeria) and Tema (Ghana) are compared. Three aspects of ecological modernization theory: changing role of the state, growing involvement of economic actors and economic incentives, and shifting roles for civil society organizations are focused on to analyse the dynamics of their environmental reform. Findings suggest that globalization processes are a common major trigger in enhancing a gradual but still fragmented and limited process of environmental reform in West and Central Africa ports, but paces and pathways of the reform are influenced by national politico-administrative arrangements rooted in colonial legacies. Consequently, understanding and advancing environmental reform processes of West and Central Africa ports requires following trends and significant developments but also taking into account national historical trajectories.     

二维码在动车组零部件管理中的应用

针对动车组重要零部件序列号的标识不统一、手工抄写困难、配置信息不准确等问题,结合当前不断成熟与完善的二维码技术,提出了采用二维码标识和扫描方式实现动车组重要零部件履历管理的方法。通过开发与建立数据信息管理平台,利用手持终端进行二维码扫描,实现对产品信息数据的采集、校验和记录,从而提高数据的准确性和工作效率,实现动车组重要零部件全寿命周期履历管理与可追溯性管理。     

���ͻ�ڼ���н�ͨ��֯�����о�

本文分析了大型活动交通特性，并在对1970年日本大阪世博会、2005年日本爱知世博会、2004年希腊雅典奥运会等大型活动会场内外的交通组织方法进行分析的基础上，探讨了大型活动组织的相关理论与方法。论文结合作者近年开展的对部分交通枢纽地区旅客集散过程的调查及客流特性的研究，分析了我国国情条件下大型活动交通组织的策略及关键问题，提出了需要研究的一些重要议题。     

Efficiency in Nigerian ports: handling imprecise data with a two-stage fuzzy approach

This article is focused on assessing the efficiency of six major Nigerian ports from 2007 to 2013 by applying a two-stage fuzzy-based methodology adequate to handle imprecise data. More precisely, fuzzy data envelopment analysis models for traditional assumptions with respect to scale returns are employed to assess the productivity of Nigerian ports over the course of time. In the second stage, fuzzy regressions based on different rule-based systems are used to predict the relationship of a set of contextual variables on port efficiency. These contextual variables are related to different aspects of port service level, berth utilization, accessibility, cargo type, and operator type. The results reveal the impact of operator and cargo type on efficiency levels. Policy implications for Nigerian ports are derived.     

考虑腹地关系的内河港口竞争策略分析

针对上下游两个内河港口之间的竞争问题，考虑相邻港口同时选择单一定价、单一定价-差别定价、差别定价-单一定价和差别定价4 种竞争策略情形下，运用Hotelling 博弈方法，在考虑港口之间水运成本的情况下，对不同竞争阶段港口的均衡价格、市场份额和利润进行了比较. 研究表明：港口的均衡结果与两港的位置和水上、陆路单位运费率之比有关；只有单一港口选择差别定价时，其可以获取更高的市场份额和利润；分别以不同阶段的市场份额、利润作为支付函数，上下游港口的纳什均衡均为差别定价策略.     

Assessing greenhouse gas emissions from port vessel operations at the Port of Incheon

This paper measures greenhouse gas emissions from port vessel operations by considering the case of Korea’s Port of Incheon. It provides estimates of greenhouse gas emissions based on the type and the movement of a vessel from the moment of its arrival, to its docking, cargo handling, and departure. Taking a bottom-up approach based on individual vessels’ characteristics and using data on vessels processed by the port in 2012 estimate emissions. The results indicate that the level of emissions is five times higher than that estimated through the top-down approach. Among various types of vessels, international car ferries are the heaviest emitters, followed by full container vessels and car carriers. A vessel’s passage through lock gates and maneuver to approach the dock accounts for 96% of its emissions. Docking for cargo handling shows the lowest level of GHG emissions.     

集装箱港区后方陆域规划研究

随着集装箱港口吞吐量的快速增长以及港口海关监管模式改革在全国范围内的开展，特别是海关大通关和区港联动试点工作的顺利进行，使得集装箱港区后方陆域表现出了明显的不适应港口发展需求的态势。文章从影响港口发展因素入手，就港区后方陆域配用空间中的各功能区进行了分析，重点对后方陆域规划中的集疏港交通网络规划建设进行了研究。