自平衡法与锚桩法的原位对比试验研究

通过对某桥梁桩采用两种测试方法成果的对比,揭示锚桩法与自平衡方法测试中桩体反应的异同.考虑测试顺序影响后,在相同荷载水平下,自平衡法测试的位移、桩端阻力比例均大于锚桩法测试的,桩侧摩阻力-位移曲线则稍有不同.在鞍辽地区广泛分布的粉质粘土中,桩侧阻修正系数采用规程规定值是合理的.     

吹填砂地基强夯处理效果检测和安全性评定

通过采用平板载荷、动力触探和标准贯入等现场试验,并结合室内试验的方法,对强夯处理效果进行有效地检测,各种试验结果间相关性较好,可有效指导施工过程。同时通过对强夯施工过程的振动监测,可以确定振动影响的安全距离。     

黄土地区地铁隧道不同湿陷变形方式模型试验系统的研制及应用研究

为研究不同湿陷变形方式下黄土地区地铁隧道周围土体的沉降量变化规律,研制出一种测量黄土在均匀湿陷、不均匀湿陷时沉降量的模型试验装置。该装置由模型箱、流速控制系统和沉降量测量系统组成。通过室内模型试验对黄土在遇水后的湿陷变形规律进行总结,并对黄土地层在两种不同浸水方式下隧道围岩土体的变形规律进行分析。试验结果表明:不均匀湿陷最终累计沉降量大于均匀湿陷最终累计沉降量,说明不均匀湿陷对地铁结构物的危害更大;两种湿陷变形方式均为隧道中线附近沉降最大,因此,施工时应该重点加强隧道中线的位移监测。通过室内模型试验,分析了均匀与不均匀湿陷对黄土地铁隧道变形影响,研究结果对湿陷性黄土地区地铁隧道建设中施工把控及灾害规避具有重要意义。     

透水性级配碎石基层填料永久变形特性及预估模型

透水性级配碎石基层填料因其大而连通的孔隙可有效增强道路系统的排水和生态功能,对“海绵城市”建设意义重大,但其在交通荷载重复作用下的变形稳定性仍有待深入研究。针对由颗粒堆积理论提出的石砂比(G/S)指标所设计的5种不同的透水性级配碎石填料试样，开展了室内动-静三轴试验,研究了级配和应力状态对填料抗剪强度和累积塑性(永久)应变特性的影响,相应地提出了基于级配和剪应力比的力学-经验法预估模型,验证了模型的准确性。研究结果表明：相同G/S值的填料试样在同一围压水平下的轴向累积塑性应变随剪应力比的增大而增大,在同一剪应力比水平下的轴向累积塑性应变随围压的增大而增大；G/S=1.6~1.8的级配碎石填料抗剪强度和抗永久变形性能均最佳,预估模型对于不同G/S值、剪应力比和围压水平下透水性级配碎石填料轴向累积塑性应变的预测具有较高的准确性。     

基于改进的LS-SVM的潜水器拘束模试验分析方法

本文以最小二乘支持向量机为基础,将增量法和滑动窗口法相结合,建立适用于分析处理大样本数据的方法。采用该方法对某潜水器拘束模斜航试验和纯横荡试验进行了分析,获取了可以反映潜水器横向力、转首力矩的数学模型中的水动力系数,并利用构建的数学模型,预报多种工况下的潜水器所受到的水动力。通过比较预报结果和试验结果,证明了该方法的有效性。     

Repeatability of ice-tank tests with broken ice

This study investigates the repeatability of ice-tank tests with broken ice. Ice-tank test campaigns normally do not perform multiple repetitions of tests with the same initial conditions. Therefore, the repeatability of ice-tank tests with broken ice is not well understood. Data from two test campaigns are analysed. The first test campaign studied the interaction between a 4-legged structure with a vertical waterline and several broken and intact level ice conditions. In the second test campaign, a ship hull geometry was tested. We analyse selected test cases from each test campaign. The ice-tank tests are reproduced using a 3-D discrete element method (DEM) model. Each analysed test case is simulated 20 times. The only difference between each simulation is the initial position of the ice floes. The numerical simulation results show that changes in the initial floe positions can cause large changes in the statistical properties of the ice load. Often, a single random interaction event can be identified that is responsible for the change in the results. Such interaction events can cause additional floe accumulation ahead of the structure, thereby influencing the load statistics for a large portion of the interaction length. The observed events occur both in the numerical simulations and in the physical ice-tank tests. This result indicates that ice-tank tests with broken ice have a poor repeatability; a change in an uncontrolled condition, such as the exact initial floe positions, can lead to a large variation in the experimental results.     

江海通航顶推船铰接装置的波浪载荷模型试验研究

在不规则波中对某5000吨级的江海通航顶推船进行了两销式铰接装置的载荷模型试验.模型试验数据的无因次分析表明,在浪向角60°情况下铰接装置受力比其它浪向角时都要大,并且铰接装置受到的水平弯曲力比垂向弯曲力、轴向力大得多.推导了服从Weibull概率分布变量的短期概率极值预报公式.针对试验数据,进行了实船12小时短期概率极值预报,结果表明,在设计波高4.2m时,超越概率1%时的最大弯曲力相当于该顶推船推轮的排水量.本次试验及其数据预报的极值可供设计同类型铰接装置的江海通航顶推船时参考使用.     

Validation of vessel seakeeping model tuning algorithm based on measurements at model scale

Wave-induced vessel motion prediction plays a critical role in ensuring safe marine operations. The operational limiting criteria can usually be calculated by applying presumed linearized vessel motion transfer functions based on the specified vessel loading condition, which may deviate from the real vessel condition when the operation is executed. Reducing the uncertainties of the onboard vessel loading condition can therefore improve the accuracy of vessel motion prediction and hence improve the safety and cost-efficiency for marine operations. However, parameters related to the onboard vessel loading condition can be difficult to measure directly, such as the center of gravity and moments of inertia. In addition, the hydrodynamic viscous damping terms are always subject to significant uncertainties and sometimes become critical for accurate vessel motion predictions. A very promising algorithm for the tuning of these important uncertain vessel parameters based on the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) that uses onboard vessel motion measurements and synchronous wave information was proposed and demonstrated previously by application to synthetic data. The present paper validates the UKF-based vessel seakeeping model tuning algorithm by considering measurements from model-scale seakeeping tests. Validation analyses demonstrate rational tuning results. The observed random errors and bias in relation to the measurement functions due to the applied simplification and linearization in the seakeeping simulations can lead to biased tuning. The importance of designing the state space and the measurement space is demonstrated by case studies. Due to the nonlinear relationship between the uncertain vessel parameters and the vessel motions, the tuning is shown to be sensitive to the mean state vector and selection of the surrounding sigma points.     

Towards a unified methodology for the simulation of rupture in collision and grounding of ships

The aim of the work is the definition of a procedure for the numerical simulation of the response of ship structures under accidental loading conditions, which suffer various different modes of failure, such as tension, bending, tearing and crushing and in particular to investigate the effect of material modeling, i.e. material curve and rupture criterion as well as mesh size and strain rate effect on the results. To this end, different material models and simulation techniques were used for the simulation of eighteen indentation tests conducted by different research groups. The simulations were performed using the explicit finite element code ABAQUS 6.10-2. The tests refer to the quasi-static and dynamic transverse and in-plane loading of various thin walled structures which represent parts of a ship structure. Three rupture criteria are incorporated into VUMAT subroutine, which interacts with the explicit finite element code and refers to an isotropic hardening material that follows the J₂ flow theory assuming plane stress conditions, in order to investigate the prediction and propagation of rupture. The focus is on investigating whether it is possible to define a unified methodology, which is appropriate for the simulation of all different tests. Consistency in the numerical results is observed with the use of an equivalent plastic strain criterion, in which formulation a cutoff value for triaxialities below −1/3 is included.     

车辆碰撞过程的试验分析研究

本文简介了以模拟车对车碰撞事故为目的的实车碰撞试验，采用２１起车对车实车碰撞试验数据对碰撞条件、碰撞形态、碰撞能量消耗分配等碰撞特征参量及其相关关系进行了试验分析研究。