江海通航顶推船铰接装置的波浪载荷模型试验研究

在不规则波中对某5000吨级的江海通航顶推船进行了两销式铰接装置的载荷模型试验.模型试验数据的无因次分析表明,在浪向角60°情况下铰接装置受力比其它浪向角时都要大,并且铰接装置受到的水平弯曲力比垂向弯曲力、轴向力大得多.推导了服从Weibull概率分布变量的短期概率极值预报公式.针对试验数据,进行了实船12小时短期概率极值预报,结果表明,在设计波高4.2m时,超越概率1%时的最大弯曲力相当于该顶推船推轮的排水量.本次试验及其数据预报的极值可供设计同类型铰接装置的江海通航顶推船时参考使用.     

Technology Problems of Laser Cladding Procedure for in-situ TiCp／Al Composite Layer on Aluminum Alloy

IntroductionLaser cladding on aluminum alloy surface is avalid means to improve its surface characteristic.In the past researches,the self- molten alloys wereusually used for laser claddings to improve surfacewear resistance of aluminum alloys[1,2 ] .However,owing to great difference of heat expansion coeffi-cients between aluminum alloy substrate and cladmaterials,such as Ni- Cr- Si- B,Ni- Cr- Al,the big-ger strain in clad layer is formed during solidifica-tion,which results in a lot of cr…     

预应力加筋土挡墙变形性能研究

采用有限差分数值方法研究预应力加筋土挡墙的侧向变形和沉降规律。填料采用双曲线型塑性硬化本构模型,计算过程中考虑填筑和压实过程,采用模型试验的结果验证了数值方法。针对填料的密实度、桥台基础边缘距墙面板距离、预应力筋的轴向刚度建立分析工况。研究结果表明:顶部荷载作用下,预应力挡墙的墙面板位移、顶部沉降均比未施加预拉力的挡墙明显减小;填料的密实度和桥台基础边缘距墙面板的距离对墙面侧向位移影响最大;提高预应力筋的轴向刚度有利于减小挡墙的变形。     

砂黏土变形与强度特性的大型三轴试验研究

通过大型三轴试验,对不同压实度及不同加筋条件下砂黏土的应力应变特性、抗剪强度进行了对比分析,探讨了试验现象的内在机理。结果表明,高压实度低围压下应力应变关系呈微软化型,低密实度及高围压下呈硬化型,黏聚力随压实度的提高呈指数增长,内摩擦角变化不明显;加筋机理符合"准黏聚力理论"。     

车辆碰撞过程的试验分析研究

本文简介了以模拟车对车碰撞事故为目的的实车碰撞试验，采用２１起车对车实车碰撞试验数据对碰撞条件、碰撞形态、碰撞能量消耗分配等碰撞特征参量及其相关关系进行了试验分析研究。     

临近堆载对深厚软土桩基影响的现场试验研究

在浙江省宁波货运北站开展堆载对临近桩基内力与变形影响的1∶1原位现场试验,探讨深厚软土地区堆载高度、堆载与桩基距离等因素对桩身内力、位移、桩基和堆载间土体深层位移的影响规律。试验结果表明:临近堆载作用下,桩身向堆载的对侧偏移,最大值发生在桩顶处,且堆载对临近桩基的影响具有明显的时间效应;桩身弯矩在桩身上段26 m范围内较明显,其最大值大致位于软弱土层的底面;各工况下,桩身弯矩、桩身水平位移、桩与堆载之间土体的深层水平位移的分布规律基本相同,但其量值均随着堆载的临近与荷载强度的增加而增加。     

武广高铁红黏土路堑基床动响应现场测试与分析

研究目的:路基基床承受列车和轨道荷载,必须具有足够的强度和稳定性.随着列车速度不断提高,对路堑基床在高速列车动载作用下的力学响应进行现场测试分析,对于正确的进行高速铁路路基设计具有重要的指导意义.研究结论:通过动响应现场实测,研究了时速300～350 km的机车通过武广高铁红黏土路堑基床时的动响应规律.分析了不同方向列车行驶条件下,振动速度、振动加速度、动应变、动应力沿基床横向、深度方向的分布规律.分析表明:竖向测试断面上振动速度、振动加速度、动应变、动应力等动响应参数均随深度增大而衰减;横向测试断面上,右线车作用下基床动响应近似呈倒“V”字形变化,左线车作用下随水平距离的增大而减小.与有砟轨道基床动响应测试成果对比表明:同等条件下,无砟轨道基床动响应小于有砟轨道,且无砟轨道下动响应衰减速率慢,影响深度大,因此建议高速铁路无砟轨道基床厚度取5.0m左右.研究结果对其它高速铁路的建设有重要的借鉴作用.     

Finite-element model calibration of a railway vehicle based on experimental modal parameters

This article describes the experimental calibration of a three-dimensional numerical model of an Alfa Pendular train vehicle based on modal parameters. The dynamic tests of the carbody and bogie of the vehicle allowed the determination of the frequencies and modal configurations of 13 vibration modes, by applying the data-driven stochastic subspace identification method. In addition, a dynamic characterisation test of the passenger-seat system was also conducted. The calibration of the model was performed using a submodelling/multistep approach involving two phases, the first one focused on the calibration of the model of the bogie under test conditions and the second one focused on the calibration of the complete model of the vehicle. The calibration was performed through an iterative method based on a genetic algorithm and allowed to obtain optimal values of 17 parameters of the numerical model. For the pairing of the vibration modes, real and complex, a recent technique was used based on the calculation of the modal strain energy. The stability of a significant number of parameters considering different initial populations demonstrated the robustness of the algorithm. The comparison of experimental and numerical responses before and after calibration revealed significant improvements in the numerical model and a very good correlation between the responses obtained with the calibrated model and the experimental responses.     

Application of viability theory for road vehicle active safety during cornering manoeuvres

Viability theory proposes geometric metaphors in addition to classical ordinary differential equation analysis. In this paper, advantages of applying viability theory to road safety domain are presented. The exact issue is to determine if, from an initial state of a vehicle/road/driver system, a soft controls strategy is compatible with a safe driving sequence. The case of a car negotiating a curve is considered. The application of the viability theory to this issue offers the advantage to avoid classical full computing of the system. Instead of that, it consists on verifying that the states and the controls belong to a subset called the viability kernel. The construction and the use of the viability kernel for a vehicle system dynamic is proposed by using support vector machines algorithm. Then, the applicability of this theory is demonstrated through experimental tests. This innovative application of the viability theory to vehicle dynamics with road safety concerns could benefit to robust embedded warning systems.     

微弯板的模型试验研究

模型试验是研究结构受力性能的有效方法。本文对在车轮荷载作用下,两种不同边界条件的微弯板进行模型试验研究,探讨不同边界条件下微弯板的受力性能。试验结果表明,有无侧向约束是影响微弯板受力性能的重要因素之一;在旧桥微弯板板底中尽管存有一些开裂现象,但仍可继续使用。