矿山法海底隧道废水排水系统设计实践

以青岛胶州湾海底隧道工程为依托,对废水系统排水能力的确定、废水提升方案的选择及废水泵房优化设计等方面进行分析,探讨矿山法海底隧道废水排水系统的主要关键技术。主要结论如下： 1）废水排水能力确定的关键在于隧道的结构渗漏水的定量,常规的水下隧道的结构渗漏水量数据不一定适用于海底隧道,必须实际测量后确定; 2）废水提升方案关系到排水的经济性和安全性,核心在于选取安全可靠的水泵类型; 3）废水泵房优化主要从废水池有效容积、结构设计及设备检修等方面进行展开分析; 4）矿山法海底隧道废水排水系统的设计,必须从隧道实际情况出发,综合考虑各类影响因素,以达到安全、经济的设计目标。     

丽香铁路玄武岩隧道大变形段施工控制技术

为有效控制丽香铁路三叠系玄武岩大变形的突出难题,在分析大变形机制及原因的基础上制定支护措施,并进行现场试验,对大变形段的原位强度、松动圈、矿物成分、地应力大小、变形特征、初期支护及二次衬砌内力等进行了测试。总结出以下措施可有效控制玄武岩大变形： 1)加大边墙轮廓曲率及预留变形量; 2)加大初期支护钢架型号及加长边墙系统锚杆; 3)缩短初期支护钢架封闭时间; 4）施作二次衬砌期间控制初期支护变形速率为1~2 mm/d。     

基于效率-安全评价的近距离错位交叉口信控优化

在城市中2个近距离错位交叉口之间的交织路段,来自不同方向的车流相互干扰严重,尤其是在交织长度限制下的连续换道操作,对交通效率和安全水平造成不良影响.因此,基于效率-安全综合考虑,研究了一种安全协调信号控制方案.即在上游交叉口的支路处设置右转信号灯,将交织路段内主、次路的车流冲突点进行时间和空间上的分离,并对近距离错位交叉口进行系统的相位和配时优化设计,从而达到降低车辆运行延误、提高行车安全性的目的.以福州市浦上大道-金州南路-金港路交叉口为例,运用Vissim微观仿真软件和SSAM替代安全评价模型,从效率-安全2个方面综合比较安全协调信控方案与信控现状、单点优化方案的优劣.实验结果表明,相对于信控现状,单点优化方案和安全协调信控方案的效率-安全水平分别提升了36.17% 和57.17%,验证了安全协调信控方案的优越性.此外,通过Vissim调整2个交叉口之间的距离,比较安全协调信控方案和单点优化方案相对于信控现状的效率-安全综合优化程度.研究表明,近距离错位交叉口的间距越小,安全协调信控方案的优越性越明显.     

A tyre slip-based integrated chassis control of front/rear traction distribution and four-wheel independent brake from moderate driving to limit handling

This paper presents a tyre slip-based integrated chassis control of front/rear traction distribution and four-wheel braking for enhanced performance from moderate driving to limit handling. The proposed algorithm adopted hierarchical structure: supervisor – desired motion tracking controller – optimisation-based control allocation. In the supervisor, by considering transient cornering characteristics, desired vehicle motion is calculated. In the desired motion tracking controller, in order to track desired vehicle motion, virtual control input is determined in the manner of sliding mode control. In the control allocation, virtual control input is allocated to minimise cost function. The cost function consists of two major parts. First part is a slip-based tyre friction utilisation quantification, which does not need a tyre force estimation. Second part is an allocation guideline, which guides optimally allocated inputs to predefined solution. The proposed algorithm has been investigated via simulation from moderate driving to limit handling scenario. Compared to Base and direct yaw moment control system, the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce tyre dissipation energy in the moderate driving situation. Moreover, the proposed algorithm enhances limit handling performance compared to Base and direct yaw moment control system. In addition to comparison with Base and direct yaw moment control, comparison the proposed algorithm with the control algorithm based on the known tyre force information has been conducted. The results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is similar with that of the control algorithm with the known tyre force information.     

Integrated evasive manoeuvre assist for collision mitigation with oncoming vehicles

Development and deployment of steering based collision avoidance systems are made difficult due to the complexity of dealing with oncoming vehicles during the evasive manoeuvre. A method to mitigate the collision risk with oncoming vehicles during such manoeuvres is presented in this work. A point mass analysis of such a scenario is first done to determine the importance of speed for mitigating the collision risk with the oncoming vehicle. A characteristic parameter was identified, which correlates well with the need to increase or decrease speed, in order to reduce the collision risk. This finding was then verified in experiments using a Volvo XC90 test vehicle. A closed-loop longitudinal acceleration controller for collision mitigation with oncoming vehicles is then presented. The longitudinal control is combined with yaw stability control using control allocation to form an integrated controller. Simulations in CarMaker using a validated XC90 vehicle model and the proposed controller showed consistent reductions in the collision risk with the oncoming vehicle.     

Development of analytical procedure for selection of control measures to reduce congestions at various freeway bottlenecks

Variable speed limit (VSL) and ramp metering (RM) affect freeway traffic operations in different ways and, accordingly, result in different effects on system travel time. The primary objective of this study is to propose an analytical procedure to help determine which control measure should be selected given different freeway bottlenecks and traffic conditions. The bottlenecks considered included an isolated merge bottleneck, a merge bottleneck with a closely spaced upstream off-ramp, and a diverge bottleneck with a closely spaced upstream on-ramp. Two RM and a VSL control strategies were considered, including the ALINEA, ALINEA/Q and feedback based VSL. The maximum achievable improvements in system efficiency by various control measures were calculated and the results were tested using modified cell transmission models. A coordinated control strategy that combined ALINEA/Q and VSL control was also proposed. The effects of VSL and RM control on system travel time at different freeway bottleneck areas were compared to identify the applicable conditions of different control measures. The analytical procedure was proposed for the selection of control measures at different bottlenecks and the ex-ante estimation of control effects were also discussed.     

车辆与工程机械电子液压控制的发展

简要综述了车辆与工程机械中电子液压控制的新进展和需要解决的关键技术问题。提出了实现功率传输和运动控制与综合的新方案，给出了发动机-液压传动装置-负荷最佳匹配的实现方法。以应用于上海磁悬浮高速铁路工程轨道梁运输与搬运的工程机械的计算机控制系统为背景，讨论了基于现场总线控制系统(FCS)和PCI04车载工控机的车辆计算机控制系统的设计方法。     

车辆主动悬架系统的LMS自适应控制

选择LMS自适应滤波算法，通过调整自适应滤波器的权系数使二次性能指标达最小，根据单个样本方差的负梯度来调节权系数；得到控制输出。针对简化的车辆模型，将空钩控制、广义自适应控制与LMS自适应控制相对比。仿真计算表明，主动悬架系统LMS自适应控制策略不仅计算简单，而且理论上在主动悬架系统中的应用是切实可行的，性能明显优于其它对比控制方法。     

应用模糊自适应PID和预瞄策略的自主车辆转向控制

文中结合智能车辆路径跟踪过程中转向控制方面的特点，提出了一种将模糊逻辑、预瞄规律和自适应PID控制相结合的控制策略，建立起了相应的模型，验证了该方法的可行性和有效性，并提出了进一步改进的方向。     

基于神经网络的半主动悬架自适应模糊控制

提出了基于神经网络的自适应模糊控制策略。模糊控制主要用来对付系统的非线性；神经网络根据振动响应的方差递推结果来辨识车体的振动情况实时调节模糊控制器的量化因子，使模糊控制器对路面的变化具有自适应的能力。在半主动悬挂1／4车非线性模型的基础上进行了仿真研究。