基于夹杂体本构理论的混凝土渠道冻胀模拟

研究独立参数少且能够满足生产实际的冻土本构模型,对科学指导寒区混凝土衬砌渠道的建设非常必要。在冻土属横观各向同性材料的基础上,基于复合材料夹杂理论提出一种新型冻土本构模型,将冻土分别视为各向同性、横观各向同性线弹性材料,把渠基冻土和渠道衬砌作为一个整体结构,应用元通用软件ADINA,对甘肃靖会梯形混凝土衬砌渠道冻胀进行热应力耦合数值模拟,计算渠道冻胀的温度场、应力场和变形场,研究衬砌板冻胀受力和变形规律,并对结果进行对比分析。结果表明,该模型能较好地反映梯形混凝土衬砌渠道的冻胀机理和冻胀温度场、应力场及变形场的基本规律,与实测成果吻合较好。     

甲芬那酸包合物和固体分散体的研究

目的　探索将甲芬那酸 (mefenamicacid ,MFA)制成包合物和固体分散体的工艺 ,以增加其溶解度和溶出速率。方法　采用环糊精 (β CD) ,聚乙二醇 40 0 0 (PEG 40 0 0 )为载体 ,以差示扫描量热图谱与甲芬那酸溶出度为指标 ,确定包合物和固体分散体的制备工艺。结果饱和溶液法制成了甲芬那酸 β CD包合物 ,熔融 冷冻法制成了甲芬那酸 PEG 40 0 0固体分散体 ,甲芬那酸包合物、固体分散体的溶解度分别增加 2 .3、3.1倍。正交试验 9组中以下 3组包合工艺为优 :A3 B3 C2 [m(MFA)∶m(β CD) =1∶8,70℃搅拌 2h],A2 B2 C3 [m(MFA)∶m(β CD) =1∶6 ,6 0℃搅拌 4h],A1B3 C3 [m(MFA)∶m(β CD) =1∶4 ,70℃搅拌 4h]。考虑大规模生产宜选择 β CD用量小、包合效果较好的条件 ,又将A1B3 C3进行扩大试验 ,结果表明该工艺条件重复性好。熔融 冷冻法制备PEG 40 0 0 固体分散体可采用 1∶3～ 1∶4量比。结论　将甲芬那酸制成β CD包合物和PEG 40 0 0 固体分散体技术可行 ,均能显著增加其溶解度和溶出速率     

含EPS夹层台背回填材料的离心模型试验

通过离心模型试验，研究了EPS(Expanded Polystyrene)夹层以及“夹层 格栅”结构对台背土压力和差异沉降的影响。根据等应变原则对台背结构、地基、回填材料、格栅和夹层材料进行模拟，采用n为20的模型比尺进行离心模型试验；并运用数字图像技术分析了土工格栅的位移与变形。研究发现设置夹层后回填材料对台背的土压力显著减小；台背与回填材料的差异沉降有所增加。“夹层 格栅”结构进一步减小了回填材料对台背的土压力，桥台与回填材料的差异沉降也比较小，格栅所受的拉应力明显变大。结果表明夹层的存在非常有利于格栅加筋效果的发挥．“夹层 格栅”的处理方法更加适用于三背回填的实际工程。     

SOLUTION OF MULTIPLE CURVED RIGID LINE AND ANTIPLANE CIRCULAR INCLUSION PROBLEM BY WEAKLY SINGULAR INTEGRAL EQUATION

IntroductionMany investigators have investigated rigid lineinclusion and elastic inclusion problem.Early inthe 60 s,there were investigations aboutthe ex-perimental respects[1,2 ] and theoretical re-spects[3,4] of the inclusion problem . Wang etal[5 ]discussed the elastic stress field near the rigidline tips carefully.They put forward three frac-ture models of rigid lines corresponding to thethree fracture models of cracks and they pro-posed to use stress singularity coefficient( SSC)to desc…     

Dynamic anti-plane characteristic on an infinite piezoelectric medium with a movable rigid cylindrical inclusion

1 INTRODUCTIONDue to their intrinsic electro-mechanical couplingbehavior, piezoelectric materials have recently beenwidely used as actuators and sensors in smart materialsand structures technology. When subjected to mechani-cal and electrical loads in service, these piezoelectricmaterials can fail prematurely due to their electro-me-chanical coupling behavior. The studies about the fail-ure caused by stress concentration in piezoelectric ma-terials have attracted significant attentions. P…     

异形夹杂角端部局部奇异场杂交有限元分析

首先利用一维有限元特征分析方法计算所得到的异形夹杂角端部应力奇异指数和奇异应力场、位移场角分布函数,并依据Hellinger—Reissner原理,开发出一个特殊的、能够反映夹杂角端部局部弹性现象的n边形超级角端部单元,然后将该超级单元与标准的4节点杂交应力单元耦合在一起构建了一种分析异形夹杂角端部奇异弹性场的新型特殊杂交应力有限元方法。文中给出了两个应用算例,算例结果表明：该文方法不仅使用单元少、计算结果精度高,而且适用范围广,可拓展应用于分析复合材料微结构组织与力学行为关系。     

Promoting social inclusion in a deregulated environment: Extending accessibility using collective taxi-based services

Bus based public transport has enjoyed revitalisation in many urban areas but outside large towns and cities its provision and quality remains erratic. Many rural settlements have infrequent services giving rise to social exclusion through transport disadvantage.The UK Government highlighted a need in Towards a Sustainable Transport System (2007) for radical new thinking on rural accessibility to help meet goals of quality of life and accessibility for all and to help meet the challenge in finding carbon friendly ways of meeting rural transport needs. This paper reports work undertaken for the Commission for Integrated Transport, an advisory body to UK Government, on how shared taxi-schemes could be developed within a deregulated environment to meet rural accessibility needs. This is based on an analysis of institutional barriers and comparison between successful mainland European schemes and UK schemes. The paper considers economic viability and the levels of subsidy currently used to provide accessibility in rural areas to show the potential for making current expenditure on rural transport in the UK ‘work harder’ to deliver a collective taxi-based service as part of the public transport mix so as to increase rural accessibility.     

社会整合视角的通勤者生活时间分配研究

基于社会整合的视角,在大规模城市更新背景下,本文选择上海市郊区顾村和中心城以内大华一村两个动迁安置房社区,利用时间分配调查数据,对不同区位、不同住房取得类型的通勤者生活时间分配进行了对比分析、差异检验和生活活动参与程度等级评价.结果表明,两个区位整体通勤者的生活时间分配特征差异不明显,但是在细分住房取得类型情况下,不同群体,以及不同区位之间的差异显著.特别地,郊区顾村的市政动迁通勤者的通勤时耗最长,但是户外休闲活动参与度仍然为高水平.分析表明,居住区附近的公共设施开发和地铁的可达性在一定程度上满足了户外休闲活动的需求.     

Transport and equity in Latin America: a critical review of socially oriented accessibility assessments*

ABSTRACT

A growing concern for mobility-related social inclusion and equity is evident from both academic research and planning best practices. Scholarly research promotes accessibility as the main aim of transport planning, assuming it as the evaluative approach that better conveys how mobility contributes to individuals' well-being and participation in social life. Accessibility can be crucial to address the socio-spatial inequalities that characterise manifold settings across the world. Amongst them, Latin American countries have been keen in tackling such imbalances through mobility-related interventions, as the renowned cases of Curitiba, Medellin and Bogotá show. The widespread interest in mobility as both a cause and effect of social disparities has generated an increasing stream of work that examines Latin American settings through the lenses of accessibility. This paper aims at critically reviewing the growing scholarly works that, providing accessibility-based evaluations, has examined issues of transport and equity in Latin America. Proposing a novel conceptual framework that considers the underlying ethical stance, components of accessibility and implications for planning and policy, this work examines what approaches, features and indicators are present in the current literature, as well as what settings have been taken into consideration by scholarly research. Moreover, the review has an explicit operational interest, to define what indicators are relevant or missing to assess accessibility in the light of social concerns, as well as to consider the current and potential implications that such research findings have on transport planning and policy. The review highlights how a growing but still limited body of work has examined transport and equity in Latin America, suggesting academic, technical and operational avenues to enhance theoretical and practical approaches to the issue.     

鱼藤酮的环糊精包合物对松材线虫的杀虫作用

为研制防治松材线虫病的高效杀线剂,制备了鱼藤酮的β-环糊精包合物和HP-β-环糊精包合物,运用紫外分光光度法测得鱼藤酮分子与环糊精分子的包合比为1:2,在鱼藤酮与β-环糊精的物理混合物中,鱼藤酮的固-液相转变温度所对应的差热吸收峰为163.1℃,而鱼藤酮的β-环糊精包合物的相应差热吸收峰为165.1℃.与鱼藤酮相比,鱼藤酮的β-环糊精包合物及HP-β-环糊精包合物的对紫外光照稳定性都明显增强,溶解度分别增加了13.3倍和233.4倍.形成包合物后,鱼藤酮的β-环糊精包合物及HP-β-环糊精包合物都保持了鱼藤酮对松材线虫的高效杀虫活性.