潜射导弹无动力运载器的滚控暨分离技术研究

导弹水下发射无动力运载器需要滚动控制技术，但该技术在当前研制的静力分离运载器中难于实施。鉴于此，本文提出一种新的弹器分离方案－动力分离方案（即弹射分离方案），文中对动力分离运载器的结构和弹道性能作了较详细的介绍，并与静力分离方案作了较全面的比较。     

机舱油水分离设备的营运检验

船舶舱底水对海洋环境的污染、船舶油水分离器的工作效果直接关系到是否满足MARPOL73/78公约的要求。通过对营运船舶油水分离器的检验方法,保证船舶油水分离器的工作效果。     

通货膨胀对企业所得税及投资效果的影响分析

给出了通货膨胀影响企业所得税及投资效果的分析计算方法，弥补了一般项目投资技术经济分析不考虑通货膨胀因素影响的不足。     

Aggregate expenditure elasticity for transport and communication in Australia

For the purpose of estimating Engel elasticity, one needs to find the best functional form among various alternatives. In this paper, a new function, which is called the double semi-log Engel function turns out to be the best functional form for the transport and communication items in Australia on the basis of the distance function (D²) criterion, and the non-nested hypothesis testing procedure. This function is then used to estimate total expenditure elasticity, and the percentage change in consumer demand due to changes in total expenditure and total expenditure inequalities; using the 1975–76 Household Expenditure Survey data. The results of the analyses demonstrate that transport and communication is a necessary item in Australia on the basis of two criteria, viz., its elasticity is not significantly greater than unity, and the percentage change in demand increases with a decrease of the total expenditure inequality [emphasised by Iyengar (I960)]. Policy implication of the analyses has also been discussed.     

水下隧道立交段设计与施工方案研究

水下隧道已逐步成为我国跨江越海的主要交通方式之一,水下隧道立体交叉的情况也越来越常见。针对目前国内缺乏完善的水下立体交叉隧道设计及施工体系,以我国某座水下隧道立交段为研究对象,对立体交叉段做了总体设计,确定了主线与匝道的内轮廓;同时,基于ANSYS有限元软件对主线隧道及匝道开挖过程进行模拟分析,提出隧道主线及匝道的开挖方案。得出如下结论:(1)通过采取CRD法等进行开挖,将大断面化为小断面,分部开挖,双层支护,成功解决了水下隧道立交段施工安全稳定的难题,可有效确保水下立交段隧道开挖的安全;(2)开挖过程中应严格遵守"先下后上、错开施工、超前支护、减少振动、分部施工、及时二衬"的施工原则,能够保证隧道的施工安全;(3)应紧密结合现场实际量测数据对围岩及支护结构的稳定性进行判别,二次衬砌尽量紧跟初期支护施作。     

Congestion and pollution consequences of driving-to-school trips: A case study in Beijing

Parents compete for high-quality education for their children by enrolling them in good schools. However, in a Chinese mega-city like Beijing, three factors jointly lead to the spatial separation between schools and homes: the centralized public goods provision mechanism, the historical dependency in school location, and the constrained supply of housing in downtown. Without an adequate number of school buses, this spatial separation of schools and homes triggers the numerous long-distance driving-to-school trips by private vehicle during workday morning rush hours in Beijing. We use the start and end dates of “school holiday” as exogenous repeated shocks to the aggregate traffic congestion, and employ the two-stage least squares (2SLS) regression approach to examine the congestion and pollution consequences of such driving-to-school trips in Beijing. We find that, all else being equal, workdays during school holidays have a traffic congestion index 20% lower than that of non-school-holiday workdays. Such a sharp reduction in congestion leads to a significant decrease in PM₁₀ concentration. Policymakers should lower such “extra” congestion and environmental costs via optimizing the spatial balance between school supply and demand.     

Establishment of Community Managed Fisheries’ Closures in Kenya: Early Evolution of the Tengefu Movement

Community-based management (CBM) could be an essential tool to prevent the depletion of marine resources in the Western Indian Ocean region. In Kenya, political pressure to strengthen local governance, has led to adoption of CBM as a way of reducing over-exploitation and managing the competing uses and impacts on the marine environment. Several communities in Kenya have embraced CBM and have set aside or closed previously fished areas to enhance recovery of fisheries and biodiversity. These community fisheries closures (locally called tengefu), despite being degraded, may recover to finfish abundances and biodiversity levels similar to established MPAs or above thresholds for maintaining some ecological services. Communities see their direct involvement and control of these tengefu as more likely to result in benefits flowing directly to them. Community closures are also important for articulating and resolving community values and strengthening their management capacity. Here, we describe the evolution of the tengefu movement in Kenya and combine information from focus group discussions, interviews, underwater surveys and boundary marking to evaluate the current status, opportunities and challenges facing these tengefu. We show that in some cases community closures suffer from slow and incomplete national and local legislative processes, challenges to compliance, and weak management.     

复杂地形条件下桥隧相连隧道洞口结构设计研究

蒙华铁路坪桥1号隧道进口洞顶基岩外凸、洞顶以下岩面高且直立、洞顶上部地形偏压高陡,地形条件极其复杂。营盘山大桥与坪桥1号隧道进口紧密相连,存在桥台与隧道洞门结构相互干扰以及边坡防护、隧道出洞和洞口场地布置等一系列难题,设计难度极大。为解决这些难题,通过对现场实际地形、地质情况进行研究,对比分析"整体式"与"分离式"桥隧相连结构的优缺点,提出桥台与隧道相结合的"整体式"桥隧相连结构方案;同时,针对地形偏压高陡,提出非对称结构设计方案,实现了隧道"零"仰坡出洞,解决了洞口边坡防护的难题;最后,提出架立临时贝雷梁的方案,解决了隧道出洞及洞口场地布置的难题。     

论个人所得税税制模式改革

文中介绍了现行个人所得税中存在的问题,提出进行“综合征收模式”改革的必要性、合理性以及实行条件。     

基于惯导解算与数字滤波的舰船振荡运动的分离研究

舰船在风浪激励或（和）其它因素的作用下产生六自由度的随机摇荡运动,而摇荡运动将降低舰载武器的打击精度。针对该问题,论文在捷联惯导（SINS）导航解算的基础上,提出了数字滤波的舰船振荡运动分离方法,以实时分离舰船振荡运动,并实时修正舰载武器的运动轨迹,提高其打击精度。由于惯性导航系统为避免加速度对平台跟踪地垂线的干扰而自然形成舒勒振荡,此振荡必然会引入舰船运动的导航解算结果中,因此为提取出瞬时运动,引入数字高通滤波器消除舒勒振荡。论文给出了瞬时运动定义及滤波器的实现方法,仿真结果证明了该方法的有效性。