Structural safety assessment procedure for membrane-type LNG CCS considering hydroelasticity effect

As environmental regulations have become more onerous, the demand for LNG and LNG carriers has increased. The LNG cargo containment system (LNG CCS) is one of the most important facilities in LNG carriers, and many membrane types of LNG CCS have been developed so far. Traditionally, sloshing model tests are performed and a series of statistical approaches are used to obtain design sloshing pressures. Then, these design loads are utilized to analyze the structural safety of LNG CCS. In the sloshing model test, the flat and almost rigid plate is used as the LNG CCS instead of a real model, and thus, the hydroelasticity effect cannot be considered. In the present research, the effect of hydroelasticity on sloshing pressure was investigated in a fluid-structure interaction simulation. A wet drop simulation was conducted, and its results subsequently were compared with wet drop experimental test results to ensure their validity. Then, two types of structure model, namely a flat-rigid plate model and a flat-flexible CCS model, were generated to investigate the effect of hydroelasticity. Also, a fluid hitting analysis model was devised to realize the sloshing phenomenon, and the two generated structure models were applied as the structure domain in the analysis. In the fluid hitting simulations, it was found that the hydroelasticity effect on sloshing pressure is significant. Thus, correction factors, which are quantitative values of the effect of hydroelasticity, were derived (and are proposed herein). Finally, a structural safety assessment procedure for consideration of the hydroelasticity effect was derived (and is suggested herein).     

Centrifuge modelling of pipe-soil interaction in clay with crust layer

Seabed in regions, such as the Gulf of Guinea and North West Shelf of Australia, may exhibit a crust layer where the undrained shear strength can be an order of magnitude higher than that of the immediately underlying sediment. This can complicate design of steel catenary risers, where fatigue depends on the cyclic vertical stiffness of the pipe-soil interaction. Potential punch-through of the riser into the underlying soft soil may invalidate design assumptions based on the pipe-soil stiffness within the crust layer. The long-term evolution of pipe-soil stiffness within the crust layer, which exhibits similar properties to an over-consolidated soil, is also poorly understood. This paper describes centrifuge model tests undertaken in a clay sample with a crust layer, simulating the punch-through process of a pipe under load control and investigating the pipe-soil stiffness during long-term cyclic loading tests under displacement control. Results confirm that the potential for punching-through the crust layer depends strongly on the relative ratio of pipe diameter to crust layer thickness. The long-term evolution of pipe-soil stiffness showed a steady increase after an initial remoulding stage in contractile soils (normally consolidated and lightly over-consolidated), but a steady reduction in the heavily over-consolidated, more dilatant, crust. The magnitude of pipe-soil stiffness changes (during both remoulding and reconsolidation) is governed by the over-consolidation ratio of the soil and the amplitude of the cyclic displacements. This study provides insights on the relevant cyclic stiffness to consider when assessing SCR fatigue life in over-consolidated soils and soils exhibiting a superficial crust layer.     

Time-domain coupled dynamic simulation for SFT-mooring-train interaction in waves and earthquakes

In this study, Submerged Floating Tunnel (SFT)-mooring-train coupled dynamics is solved in the time domain to investigate their dynamic and hydro-elastic interactions under wave and earthquake excitations. The SFT is modeled by the rod-FE (finite element) theory, and it is connected to mooring lines through dummy-connection-mass and linear and rotational springs. A 3D rigid-multi-body dynamic model is developed for train dynamics that consists of seven rigid bodies. The tunnel-train interaction is taken into consideration based on the wheel-rail correspondence assumption and the simplified Kalker linear creep theory. The developed computer simulation program is validated through comparisons with commercial programs and published results when possible. In the case of earthquake-induced dynamics of the coupled system, the effects of soil conditions, tunnel length, mooring interval, seismic-wave propagation, and seaquake are investigated. The magnitudes of the SFT downward motions induced by the moving train are small compared with the motions induced by earthquakes. The earthquake causes transient SFT responses especially at their lowest wet natural frequencies while high-frequency motions are induced by seaquake effect. Structural damping and seismic propagation play an important role in dynamic responses. The interaction of the tunnel and moving train is also evaluated for various train speeds in terms of the derailment and offload factors and riding-comfort criterion. For the given SFT and train designs, the offload factor and riding-comfort criterion can slightly exceed their limits at certain earthquake conditions with the speed as high as 70 m/s, which can be adjusted by reducing train speed.     

Mode jumping in the lateral buckling of subsea pipelines

Unburied subsea pipelines under high-temperature conditions tend to relieve their axial compressive stress by forming localised lateral buckles. This phenomenon is traditionally studied under the assumption of a specific lateral deflection profile (mode) consisting of a fixed number of lobes. We study lateral thermal buckling as a genuinely localised buckling phenomenon by applying homoclinic (‘flat’) boundary conditions. By not having to assume a particular buckling mode we are in a position to study transitions between these traditional modes in typical loading sequences. For the lateral resistance we take a realistic nonlinear pipe-soil interaction model for partially embedded pipelines. We find that for soils with appreciable breakout resistance, i.e., nonmonotonicity of the lateral resistance characteristic, sudden jumps between modes may occur. We consider both symmetric and antisymmetric solutions. The latter turn out to require much higher temperature differences between pipe and environment for the jumps to be induced. We carry out a parameter study on the effect of various pipe-soil interaction parameters on this mode jumping. Away from the jumps post-buckling solutions are reasonably well described by the traditional modes whose analytical expressions may be used during preliminary design.     

车辆牌照信息调查法在公路OD调查中的应用

分析停车问询调查法和车辆牌照信息调查法在公路OD调查中的优缺点,结合浙江省两次全省公路OD调查的实际经验,指出公路OD调查自动化和常态化的发展方向.     

铁路货物追踪系统的构建

铁路货物运输组织是铁路工作的一个核心内容,铁路货物追踪系统的设计与实现能够为货主提供更好、更快的服务,同时加快和保障铁路货运工作的组织。通过对铁路整车货物运输的流程分析,制定货物追踪系统的目标,分析系统功能。通过数据的采集和信息共享平台的建立,提出货物追踪系统的实现途径。     

基于信息熵的频谱感知方法

频谱感知是认知无线电的关键技术之一。讨论了一种利用信息熵的频谱感知方法,并以IEEE 802.22的一种主用户信号对算法性能进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明这种方法能够克服噪声功率不确定性的影响,而且对信息熵估计时的参数选择不敏感,在低信噪比下能够获得较好的检测性能。     

VTS中雷达信息与AIS信息融合的探讨

文章对VTS中雷达信息与AIS信息的来源、种类与特点进行了比较,论证了两者信息融合的可行性与必要性,同时给出了信息的融合模型与方法,也提出信息融合需要进一步解决的问题.     

我国商业银行信息化建设研究综述

我国商业银行信息化建设已走过近20年的路程,在取得巨大业绩的同时也存在若干不足之处．文章在总结我国商业银行信息化建设经验的基础上,对其信息化建设的现状进行了深入的分析,同时指出了我国商业银行信息化建设的总体规划方向,以期大幅度提高我国商业银行的信息化建设绩效。     

“学-导多元互动”教学模式对高校艺术设计教育的启示——以视觉传达设计教学为例

“学-导多元互动”教学模式是依据相关教育理论、教育观念以及结合现代远程开放教育发展的要求和实践而形成的重在体现以人为本,真正做到“以学习者为中心”,为学习者提供多元的服务,满足学习者的学习需要和求知愿望,构建终身学习体系和学习型社会的教育思想的教学模式。文章以视觉传达设计教学为例,从“学-导多元互动”教学模式的内涵、教学效果及对高校艺术设计教育的启示三个方面加以阐述,希望对于高校艺术设计教育教学模式的改革起到一些借鉴作用。