均布荷载作用下具有初始几何位移悬臂梁的承载力分析

销（栓）接钢结构由于结点连接处的销（栓）与孔存在间隙,使结构体系产生初始几何位移,对结构的刚度、强度和稳定产生不可忽略的影响。对均布荷载作用下的悬臂梁,用平衡法在基本假定的前提下,推导出悬臂梁稳定承载力的计算公式;以及考虑初始几何位移的影响,由边缘纤维屈服准则推导出悬臂梁的强度承载力计算公式,并用算例验证了初始几何位移对梁承载力的影响。     

Queue length estimation at metered freeway‐to‐freeway connectors

Freeway‐to‐freeway connector metering is a cost‐effective and proven freeway management strategy for relieving recurrent congestion. However, one of the critical challenges in design and operation of freeway‐to‐freeway connector metering is the lack of up‐to‐date queue storage length design guidance. In this study, it was found that ramp queue is dynamically related to the metering rate, on‐ramp demand, and traffic flow arrival pattern. Hence, simply using an average demand cannot provide accurate queue length estimation and is also not suitable for queue storage design where the maximum or a percentile queue length is generally used. A mesoscopic queue length simulation model was developed based on the input–output method for estimating queue lengths under various demand‐to‐capacity ratio scenarios. Simulation results indicate that for under‐saturated situations, the ramp queue may exist temporally due to the random short‐term surge of traffic arrivals, and the exponential function could best capture the relationship between queue length and demand‐to‐capacity ratio. For over‐saturated situations, the ramp queue tends to prolong linearly with the demand‐to‐capacity ratio. Based on the simulation, it was recommended that queue storage length be designed as 4.3% of on‐ramp demand when demand is lower than 1200 vph or 2.3% when demand is between 1200 and 2400 vph. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

自锚式悬索桥钢箱梁局部稳定研究

该文以三汉矶湘江大桥自锚式悬索桥主梁钢箱梁为研究背景,以人行道桥面开口加劲板件为研究对象,研究不同参数条件下开口加劲板件弹性屈曲荷载的影响,并考虑几何和材料非线性的影响,分析了不同残余应力、不同初始缺陷以及不同宽厚比等因素下开口加劲板件的稳定极限承载力。     

加载方式对钢管混凝土轴压长柱和中长柱受力性能影响的试验研究

进行4种加载方式对钢管混凝土轴压长柱和中长柱试件受力性能影响的试验研究,并与轴压短柱试验进行对比和分析。结果表明,加载方式对长柱中截面应力的影响较小,但对刚度影响较大,从而影响稳定极限承载力,其中初应力对长柱的极限承载力降低的影响比短柱明显,而与之相反,对于荷载仅施加于钢管之上的长柱,其极限承载力反而大于同样加载的短柱。随着长细比的增大,加载方式对试件套箍作用的影响有减小的趋势,且受力性能的差异也逐渐缩小。加载方式对钢管混凝土中长柱受力性能的影响介于短柱与长柱之间,但与短柱更接近。最后,讨论不同加载方式作用下长柱和中长柱的极限承载力计算方法。     

考虑初应力的钢管混凝土格构柱受力性能有限元分析

在试验研究的基础上对有初应力的钢管混凝土格构柱受力性能进行了有限元分析.分析结果表明,有限元计算结果与试验结果吻合较好.应用有限元方法,以初应力度和长细比为参数,对有初应力的钢管混凝土格构柱进行了受力全过程分析.分析结果表明,钢管初应力降低了钢管混凝土格构柱构件的弹性阶段,使构件提前进入了弹塑性阶段,并使构件的峰值极限荷载推迟出现,且对应的变形也有所增加.此外初应力度和长细比较小时,初应力对钢管混凝土格构柱极限承载力的影响不大;但当初应力度和长细比较大时,初应力会使构件的极限承载力明显下降,下降幅度超过12％.     

平均排队长度差最小的单交叉口在线Q学习模型

为改善交叉口排队长度管理,避免交叉口某个方向排队长度过长,采用强化学习理论建立了以平均排队长度差最小为优化目标的在线Q学习模型.针对控制性能指标相对于邻近的配时方案不敏感的特点,提出了以平均排队长度差作为基本单位重新构造奖励函数,目的是拉大各行为对应的Q值差距,提高模型的收敛速度和鲁棒性.集成Excel VBA,Vissim,Matlab建立了在线仿真平台,作为计算环境对算例进行了计算.算例中利用GPS数据对Vissim软件中车辆加减速度曲线进行了标定.计算结果表明以平均排队长度差作为优化目标能够提高各个方向排队长度的平衡性,优化整个交叉口的时空资源;建立的在线Q模型具有学习能力和较快的计算速度,模型能否收敛受到周期取值和可选行为数量的影响.     

基于FLUENT网–栅结构围油栏拦油特性数值实验

为研究网-栅结构围油栏拦油性能,基于不可压缩黏性流体的N-S方程和流体体积分数方法(VOF),利用FLUENT软件进行数值实验。在不同流速下,对其临界失效速度进行了验证;拦网孔隙率变化,对网–栅结构围油栏拦油特性影响不大;溢油区域相对围油栏初始位置的不同,对围油栏拦油效果则有显著影响。在实际应用中,应当注意网–栅结构围油栏的使用环境,合理确定围油栏的布设位置,防止不必要的拦油失效情况发生。     

Discussion on the assessment of initial stress field of railway rock massEI北大核心

Research purposes: In actual work, according to the ground stress data for assessment, most railway tunnels are under very high ground stress and high ground stress state, which causes adjustment of surrounding rock and engineering measures to strengthen, thus these will cause large increased investment, even cause large dispute and chaos in analysis causes of tunnel lining cracking and deformation, but the engineering case that rock burst and large deformation occurred in actual excavation of tunnel is very rare. In this paper, according to rock mass mechanical theory, the ground stress information and engineering case, combined the relevant provisions of similar industry, the assessment of initial stress fields of rock mass in railway specification is discussed. Research conclusions: (1) The assessment of railway specification to initial ground stress field is not realistic and should be revised, preliminary judgment when the measured in-situ stress >30 MPa, the possibility of rockburst is increased. (2) Assessment conclusion of initial ground stress field should be discreet, the increased investment should be incorporated into the dynamic design. (3) The stress tests of survey design stage should be reasonable and appropriate. (4) The research results can be applied to the modification of railway norms and tunnel exploration.     

The effect of green time on stochastic queues at traffic signals

Many analyses of traffic signal queues use Webster and Cobbe's formula, which combines the net effect of the red/green cycle with a term representing stochastic effects, idealised as an M/D/1 queue process having random arrivals and uniform service. Several authors have noted that this component should depend not only on demand intensity but also on throughput capacity in each green period, although an extra empirical term may partially allow for this. Extending the service interval in M/D/1 (M = Markovian, i.e. random, D = deterministic, i.e. uniform, 1 = one server) enables the effect to be reproduced, but no exact expressions for its moments are found. Approximate formulae for the extended mean exist but are accurate only near saturation. The paper derives novel approximations for the equilibrium mean and also variance and utilisation, using functions linking traffic intensity with green period capacity. With three moments, equilibrium probability distributions can be estimated for which a method based on a doubly nested geometric distribution is described.     

基于决策过程的停车换乘行为研究

文中从决策过程分析的角度出发,利用决策过程分析理论,采用计算机仿真的方法,分析了多方式选择情景下的停车换乘行为.通过一次选择决策行为分析得出,出行者存在多方式选择权衡比较、偏好反转等决策现象,通过分析决策阈值、初始偏好对停车换乘选择行为的影响得出,采取一定的措施,如为出行者提供停车换乘设施信息服务、通过免费换乘减少对小汽车的依赖性等,将会影响出行者的决策行为过程而使其转向停车换乘出行.