基于排队过长的城市高速公路入口匝道控制策略

通过对城市高速公路控制策略的介绍,以及对城市高速公路主要入口匝道排队过长情况的分析．提出一种有针对性的基于排队过长的入口匝道控制策略,可为城市高速公路管理部门进行入口匝道控制提供一种有效的方法。     

叶新—大叶公路路基土抗剪强度试验研究

为保障叶新—大叶公路改造工程的顺利进行,以压实度和初始含水率作为试验分组依据,对叶新-大叶公路路基粉质粘土开展直接剪切试验。试验结果表明:初始含水率越高,路基土的抗剪强度越差,当初始含水率处于27%～29%时,初始含水率的改变对抗剪强度影响最大;压实度越高,路基土抗剪强度越好,当初始压实度处于90%～94%时,压实度的改变对抗剪强度影响最大。试验结果以及结论可为叶新-大叶公路改造工程的设计和施工提供参考。     

考虑车流异质性的信号交叉口疏解车辆跟驰模型

为客观地描述绿灯期间交叉口进口道异质疏解车流的跟驰行为,基于实测数据验证全速差模型发现,其加速度、速度、车间距的仿真结果存在较大误差. 考虑不同车型车辆性能和驾驶员驾驶行为差异,基于4 种跟驰情景,即小客车跟驰小客车(car-car),小客车跟驰公交车(car-bus),公交车跟驰小客车(bus-car),公交车跟驰公交车(bus-bus),建立考虑车流异质性的车辆跟驰模型. 结果表明,改进模型的性能提升明显,较全速差模型,速度和跟驰间距的均方根百分比误差(RMSPE)分别下降了15.29%,22.32%,更符合交叉口进口道异质疏解车流的跟驰行为.     

考虑排队阻滞和换道的改进宏观交通流模型

考虑路段上车辆换道及交叉口处排队阻滞作用,对交通流宏观演化模型进行改进.首先在排队中考虑不同车道的速度、密度差异,建立了换道模型;然后在交叉口内部划分各流向排队车辆的累积路径,分析不同的排队溢出位置对其他车流的阻滞影响;综合考虑车辆换道及交叉口处阻滞影响,建立了改进的车道组宏观交通流模型;最后设计仿真实验对模型进行验证.结果表明,在高流量需求下,本文模型能够模拟出下游的排队溢出对其他车流的阻滞影响;且在低中高3种不同的流量需求下,改进模型计算结果与仿真输出的驶离流量基本相符,与原有模型相比精度更高;由此证实了改进模型的准确性.     

Comparison of robust H∞ filter and Kalman filter for initial alignment of inertial navigation system

There are many filtering methods that can be used for the initial alignment of an integrated inertial navigation system.This paper discussed the use of GPS,but focused on two kinds of filters for the initial alignment of an integrated strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS).One method is based on the Kalman filter (KF),and the other is based on the robust filter.Simulation results showed that the filter provides a quick transient response and a little more accurate estimate than KF,given substantial process noise or unknown noise statistics.So the robust filter is an effective and useful method for initial alignment of SINS.This research should make the use of SINS more popular,and is also a step for further research.     

融资租赁初始直接费用会计处理的思考

《企业会计准则第21号——租赁》中将融资租赁出租人承担的初始直接费用计入“长期应收款——应收融资租赁款”账户．出租人承担的初始直接费用实质上是融资租赁出租人为获取以后各期的租金收益发生的资本性支出,其应当构成融资租赁资产的成本,不应当作为一种债权资产处理,并由此对现行准则中有关融资租赁初始直接费用会计处理提出了改进建议．     

天津富民桥主缆初张力的探讨

天津富民桥主桥为单塔空间索面自锚式悬索桥,主缆在主跨采用三维曲线线形,吊索在横桥方向为倾斜布置.主缆初张力对该桥空间缆索体系施工方案有根本影响.重点探讨主缆初张力对该桥主索鞍与散索套安装、主缆架设、调索与体系转换等施工环节的影响问题.     

Vibrations of imperfect ship plating

This paper deals with vibration analysis of plates in marine structures. It is the main purpose of the paper to demonstrate that in order to obtain reliable frequency predictions it is necessary to include in the vibration analysis the effects of the unavoidable imperfections caused by welding or lateral fluid pressure. Furthermore, practical procedures for including these effects are presented. Simple algebraic expressions are derived for determination of small amplitude natural frequencies of vibration of initially imperfect rectangular plates subjected to uniaxial in-plane loads. The theoretical results show close agreement with experimental results available in the literature. For plating of marine structures with typical welding induced geometric imperfections and residual stresses it is shown that the lowest natural frequency of the unloaded imperfect plate can be twice as high as that of the perfect plate. For vibration analyses of plates submerged in a liquid the importance of taking into account deflections and membrane stresses caused by the hydrostatic pressure is demonstrated.     

单向压力作用下有初挠度矩形板的有效宽度和减缩有效宽度

本文应用von－karman大挠度薄板方程，对承受单向面内压力的有初挠度矩形板进行后屈曲特性分析（其中挠曲函数取为双博氏级数展开式的前三项）。用参数摄动法求解非线性代数方程组，得到最大压应力与平均压应力之间，平均压应力与平均应变之间的显式函数表达式。进而推导出有初挠度矩形板的有效宽度和减缩有效宽度公式，并着重分析了两者的不同。     

An investigation of multiplier effects generated by implementing queue jump lanes at multiple intersections

This paper investigates the combination effects of queue jump lanes (QJLs) on signalised arterials to establish if a multiplier effect exists, that is, the benefit from providing QJLs at multiple intersections is higher than the sum of benefits from providing them individually at each of those intersections. To explore the combination effects on bus delay and total person delay, a delay estimation model is developed using kinematic wave theory, kinematic equations and Monte Carlo simulation. In addition, to investigate the combination effects in offset settings optimised for bus delay or total person delay, offset optimisation models are proposed. Validation results using traffic micro‐simulation indicate the effectiveness and computational efficiency of the proposed models. Results of a modelling test bed suggest that providing QJLs at multiple intersections can create a multiplier effect on one‐directional bus delay savings with signal offsets that provide bus progression. Furthermore, optimising offsets to minimise bus delay tends to create a multiplier effect on one‐directional bus delay savings, particularly when variations in dwell times are not high. The reason for the multiplier effect may be that providing QJLs reduces variations in bus travel times, which makes signal coordination for buses perform more effectively. From a policy perspective, the existence of a multiplier effect suggests that a corridor‐wide scale implementation of QJLs has considerable merit. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.